Extended Foster Care for Transition-Age Youth: An Opportunity for Pregnancy Prevention and Parenting Support

Putnam‐Hornstein, Emily; Hammond, Ivy; Eastman, Andrea Lane; McCroskey, Jacquelyn; Webster, Daniel

doi:10.1016/j.jadohealth.2015.11.015

Cited by 33 publications

(21 citation statements)

References 6 publications

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“…This sample, which was primarily comprised of individuals who had a history of foster care, but who did not emancipate from care, had rates of pregnancy that were similar to young adults emancipating from care in the CalYOUTH and the Midwest studies (Courtney et al, 2016; Dworsky & Courtney, 2010). Additionally, in this sample, 32% of young women gave birth before the age of 21, which is similar to the rate of childbearing (35.2%) found in the state of California for females who were in foster care at age 17 (Putnam-Hornstein, Hammond, Eastman, McCroskey, & Webster, 2016; Putnam-Hornstein & King, 2014). This comparison is important because this is also the first known study to assess rates of early pregnancy and childbearing among young adults in the United States with a history of foster care outside of the Midwest or California.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 76%

“…For example, national statistics regarding racial and ethnic differences in early pregnancy and parenting demonstrate that female Black and Hispanic/Latina teenagers have higher rates of pregnancy and childbearing (Martin et al, 2015). Although there has been limited research on racial/ethnic differences in rates of early pregnancy in foster care samples, a study in California found differences in pregnancy rates that mirrored national statistics, with Hispanic/Latino and Black female teenagers in foster care having higher rates of childbearing than non-Hispanic/Latina, White youth (Putnam-Hornstein et al, 2016). However, in the Midwest study, and in a study drawing from eight counties in Missouri, race/ethnicity (dichotomized as White and non-White) was not significantly associated with pregnancy (Dworsky & Courtney, 2010; Oshima, Narendorf, & McMillen, 2013).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Pregnancy and Childbearing Among Young Adults Who Experienced Foster Care

Combs

Begun²,

Rinehart

et al. 2017

Child Maltreat

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This study explores rates of early pregnancy and parenthood among a sample of young adults ( N = 215), ages 18-22, with a history of foster care. The study also compares the educational attainment, financial resources, and homelessness experiences of young adults who became parents to those who did not. By age 21, 49% of the young women became pregnant, and 33% of young men reported getting someone pregnant. Over a quarter of participants experienced parenthood, which was associated with lower educational attainment, less employment, not having a checking or savings account, and a history of homelessness. Gender moderated the association between parenthood and employment such that males who were parents were more likely than female parents to be employed. Given that these young adults were at risk of early pregnancy and parenthood regardless of emancipation status and across several racial/ethnic groups, the results suggest a need for early pregnancy prevention efforts for all youth with child welfare involvement as well as improving resources and support for those who become young parents.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 76%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pregnancy and Childbearing Among Young Adults Who Experienced Foster Care

Combs

Begun²,

Rinehart

et al. 2017

Child Maltreat

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Finally, Shpiegel, Cascardi and Dineen () have shown that nearly 20% of female foster youth in a large national sample had given birth by age 19. These and other studies also indicate that the risk of childbirth increases during late adolescence and the period of transition to adulthood, as youths emancipate from the child welfare system and begin living independently (Putnam‐Hornstein, Hammond, Eastman, McCroskey, & Webster, ; Shpiegel & Cascardi, ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 79%

The functional patterns of adolescent mothers leaving foster care: Results from a cluster analysis

Shpiegel

Aparicio

King

et al. 2019

Child & Family Social Work

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Few studies have explored the outcomes of adolescent mothers leaving foster care, especially using person‐oriented methods. The current study employed a cluster analysis to identify unique patterns of functioning among adolescent mothers aged 19 (n = 777). Data from the National Youth in Transition Database and the Adoption and Foster Care Analysis and Reporting System were utilized. Findings revealed five subpopulations characterized by distinct constellations of outcomes at age 19. The largest group (43%) exhibited competent functioning across all the domains studied—its members were connected to school and/or employment and did not experience homelessness, substance abuse referrals, or incarceration during the past 2 years (i.e., “resilient”). A relatively small group (12%) exhibited challenges across all the above‐referenced domains, whereas the remaining groups presented challenges in some domains, but not in others. Follow‐up analyses revealed that adolescent mothers classified as resilient at age 19 had the lowest rates of congregate care placements and the highest rates of nonrelative foster care placements at age 17. Moreover, they had lower placement instability and higher rates of extended foster care as compared with members of the other clusters. Implications for practice, policy, and research are discussed.

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“…Midwest Study data indicate that an additional year in foster care would delay pregnancy among female FFY (Courtney et al, 2007). Researchers have asserted that additional time in care beyond age 19 might allow for a more effective delivery of family planning and parent support programs (Putnam-Hornstein et al, 2015). Dworsky (2015) noted an unintended consequence of extended foster care is that the number of children of foster alumni in foster care may increase because of the continued surveillance by child welfare workers.…”

Section: Implications For Practicementioning

confidence: 99%

Remaining in Foster Care After Age 18 and Youth Outcomes at the Transition to Adulthood: A Review

Jones

2019

Families in Society: The Journal of Contemporary Social Service

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Many foster youth do not exit care for a permanency option and remain in foster care until they age out or are emancipated. Research findings have described the alarming circumstances of these former foster children’s adaptation to emerging adulthood. Public policy over the past three decades has sought various means of improving outcomes for these former foster youth. This review examines the legislative history leading up to extended care, the research on youth leaving foster care, youth preferences for extended care, the competition of extended care with permanency options, and the effects of extended foster care on transition-age youth. The benefits that can be had from such an extension are outlined.

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Extended Foster Care for Transition-Age Youth: An Opportunity for Pregnancy Prevention and Parenting Support

Cited by 33 publications

References 6 publications

Pregnancy and Childbearing Among Young Adults Who Experienced Foster Care

Pregnancy and Childbearing Among Young Adults Who Experienced Foster Care

The functional patterns of adolescent mothers leaving foster care: Results from a cluster analysis

Remaining in Foster Care After Age 18 and Youth Outcomes at the Transition to Adulthood: A Review

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