Extended Broca’s Area in the Functional Connectome of Language in Adults: Combined Cortical and Subcortical Single-Subject Analysis Using fMRI and DTI Tractography

Lemaire, Jean‐Jacques; Golby, Alexandra J.; Wells, William M.; Pujol, Sonia; Tie, Yanmei; Rigolo, Laura; Yarmarkovich, Alexander; Pieper, Steve; Westin, Carl‐Fredrik; Jólesz, Ferenc A.; Kikinis, Ron

doi:10.1007/s10548-012-0257-7

Cited by 45 publications

(39 citation statements)

References 58 publications

(77 reference statements)

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“…However, additional tasks engaging semantic processing, such as category member generation, are crucial to parcel out the interface of semantics and phonology within the Broca's area basal ganglia circuitry. Lemaire and colleagues devised such a study by combining functional activation clusters from an antonym-generation fMRI task with diffusion tractography (Lemaire et al, 2012). The authors demonstrated complex structural connectivity between Broca's area and other cortical zones involved in language processing supported by previous data from our laboratory (Ford et al, 2010).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Broca's area and its striatal and thalamic connections: a diffusion-MRI tractography study

Ford¹,

Triplett²,

Sudhyadhom³

et al. 2013

Front. Neuroanat.

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In the recent decades structural connectivity between Broca's area and the basal ganglia has been postulated in the literature, though no direct evidence of this connectivity has yet been presented. The current study investigates this connectivity using a novel diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) fiber tracking method in humans in vivo. Our findings suggest direct connections between sub-regions of Broca's area and the anterior one-third of the putamen, as well as the ventral anterior nucleus of the thalamus. Thus, we are the first to provide a detailed account of inferred circuitry involving basal ganglia, thalamus, and Broca's area, which would be a prerequisite to substantiate their support of language processing.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Broca's area and its striatal and thalamic connections: a diffusion-MRI tractography study

Ford¹,

Triplett²,

Sudhyadhom³

et al. 2013

Front. Neuroanat.

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“…A technique for noninvasive, lesion-based identification of critical language sites would therefore be of great benefit to clinicians. Such a technique would also be important for neurophysiologists interested in testing cognitive models of language, including language streams (Hickok and Poeppel, 2004) and connectome-based models (Lemaire et al, 2012). …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Language mapping with navigated repetitive TMS: Proof of technique and validation

et al. 2013

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Objective Lesion-based mapping of speech pathways has been possible only during invasive neurosurgical procedures using direct cortical stimulation (DCS). However, navigated transcranial magnetic stimulation (nTMS) may allow for lesion-based interrogation of language pathways noninvasively. Although not lesion-based, magnetoencephalographic imaging (MEGI) is another noninvasive modality for language mapping. In this study, we compare the accuracy of nTMS and MEGI with DCS. Methods Subjects with lesions around cortical language areas underwent preoperative nTMS and MEGI for language mapping. nTMS maps were generated using a repetitive TMS protocol to deliver trains of stimulations during a picture naming task. MEGI activation maps were derived from adaptive spatial filtering of beta-band power decreases prior to overt speech during picture naming and verb generation tasks. The subjects subsequently underwent awake language mapping via intraoperative DCS. The language maps obtained from each of the 3 modalities were recorded and compared. Results nTMS and MEGI were performed on 12 subjects. nTMS yielded 21 positive language disruption sites (11 speech arrest, 5 anomia, and 5 other) while DCS yielded 10 positive sites (2 speech arrest, 5 anomia, and 3 other). MEGI isolated 32 sites of peak activation with language tasks. Positive language sites were most commonly found in the pars opercularis for all three modalities. In 9 instances the positive DCS site corresponded to a positive nTMS site, while in 1 instance it did not. In 4 instances, a positive nTMS site corresponded to a negative DCS site, while 169 instances of negative nTMS and DCS were recorded. The sensitivity of nTMS was therefore 90%, specificity was 98%, the positive predictive value was 69% and the negative predictive value was 99% as compared with intraoperative DCS. MEGI language sites for verb generation and object naming correlated with nTMS sites in 5 subjects, and with DCS sites in 2 subjects. Conclusion Maps of language function generated with nTMS correlate well with those generated by DCS. Negative nTMS mapping also correlates with negative DCS mapping. In our study, MEGI lacks the same level of correlation with intraoperative mapping; nevertheless it provides useful adjunct information in some cases. nTMS may offer a lesion-based method for noninvasively interrogating language pathways and be valuable in managing patients with peri-eloquent lesions.

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“…Future efforts to expand knowledge on the language connectome need to include further investigation of these pathways. [114]. One is the operculo-premotor fasciculus, which is a bundle of U-shaped fibers that connects BA 44 with the premotor region.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

White matter architecture of the language network

Kljajević

2014

Translational Neuroscience

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The relevance of anatomical connectivity for understanding of the neural basis of language was recognized in the 19 th century, and yet this topic has only recently become the subject of wider research interest. In this paper, I review recent findings on white matter tracts implicated in language: the arcuate fasciculus, superior longitudinal fasciculus, extreme capsule, uncinate fasciculus, middle longitudinal fasciculus, inferior longitudinal fasciculus, and inferior fronto-occipital fasciculus. The reviewed findings on these tracts were reported in studies that used a variety of methods, from post-mortem dissection and diffusion imaging to intraoperative electrostimulation with awake surgery patients. The emerging picture suggests that there is currently no consensus with regard to the exact number and identity of the tracts supporting language, their origins, trajectories, and terminations, as well as their functional interpretation.

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Extended Broca’s Area in the Functional Connectome of Language in Adults: Combined Cortical and Subcortical Single-Subject Analysis Using fMRI and DTI Tractography

Cited by 45 publications

References 58 publications

Broca's area and its striatal and thalamic connections: a diffusion-MRI tractography study

Broca's area and its striatal and thalamic connections: a diffusion-MRI tractography study

Language mapping with navigated repetitive TMS: Proof of technique and validation

White matter architecture of the language network

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