Extended “Adsorption–Insertion” Model: A New Insight into the Sodium Storage Mechanism of Hard Carbons

Sun, Ning; Guan, Zhaoruxin; Liu, Yuwen; Cao, Yuliang; Zhu, Qizhen; Liu, Huan; Wang, Zhaoxiang; Zhang, Peng; Xu, Bin

doi:10.1002/aenm.201901351

Cited by 340 publications

(371 citation statements)

References 69 publications

(146 reference statements)

Supporting

Mentioning

354

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…Apart from the influence of MXene, both HC‐PVDF electrode and HC‐MX films exhibit typical Na‐storage behavior of HC, agreeing well with the adsorption‐insertion sodium storage mechanism . In the CV curves, a pair of sharp peaks appear at around 0.1 V, indicating the sodium insertion/extraction in the interlayer of the carbon materials.…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 71%

MXene‐Bonded Flexible Hard Carbon Film as Anode for Stable Na/K‐Ion Storage

Sun

Zhu

Anasori

et al. 2019

Adv Funct Materials

Self Cite

244

143

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Hard carbon (HC) is a promising anode material for sodium-ion batteries (SIBs) and potassium-ion batteries (PIBs), but the volume change during the insertion/extraction of Na + or K + limits the cycle life, especially for PIBs due to the large ion size of K + . Moreover, the conventional anodes fabricated through the coating method cannot satisfy the requirement of flexible devices. Here, it is shown that 2D carbide flakes of Ti 3 C 2 T x MXene can be used as multifunctional conductive binders for flexible HC electrodes. The use of MXene nanosheets eliminates the need for all the electrochemically inactive components in the conventional polyvinylidene fluoride-bonded HC electrode, including polymer binders, conductive additives, and current collectors. In MXene-bonded HC electrodes, conductive and hydrophilic MXene 2D nanosheets construct a 3D network, which can effectively stabilize the electrode structure and accommodate the volume expansion of HC during the charge/discharge process, leading to an enhanced electrode capacity and excellent cycle performance as anodes for both SIBs and PIBs. Benefiting from the 3D conductive network, the MXene-bonded HC film electrodes also present improved rate capability, indicating MXene is a very promising multifunctional binder for next-generation flexible secondary rechargeable batteries.

show abstract

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 71%

MXene‐Bonded Flexible Hard Carbon Film as Anode for Stable Na/K‐Ion Storage

Sun

Zhu

Anasori

et al. 2019

Adv Funct Materials

Self Cite

244

143

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…The large and unchanged graphitic interlayer spacings (0.400 nm) indicate that this sample can satisfy the layer spacing variation caused by the intercalation of sodium ions. [ 31,46,53,54 ] Similar results are presented in Figure S10, Supporting Information. Sufficiently large graphitic layer spacings can alleviate the volume expansion during charge and discharge, facilitate rapid diffusion of sodium ions, and expose more active sites, endowing the hard carbon nanosheets with an excellent rate performance, large reversible capacity, and long lifespan.…”

Section: Figuresupporting

confidence: 80%

Hard Carbon Nanosheets with Uniform Ultramicropores and Accessible Functional Groups Showing High Realistic Capacity and Superior Rate Performance for Sodium‐Ion Storage

et al. 2020

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

superior performance and have been used for practical applications. [13] Recently, hard carbons including highly graphitized hard carbons and porous hard carbons have been widely investigated, and a specific capacity of 200-500 mA h g −1 , initial Coulombic efficiency (ICE) in the 30-80% range, and an acceptable rate capability were achieved. [14][15][16][17][18] However, these three key indicators of electrochemical performance are often contradictory. For example, the high rate capability of porous hard carbons is always accompanied by a low ICE, whereas the opposite is obtained for highly graphitized hard carbons. This phenomenon originates from the complex sodium-storage behaviors arising from the diversity of the active sites in hard carbons. The control of homogeneous active sites of hard carbons remains a great challenge and requires ongoing research effort.Sodium storage behaviors are mainly divided into three categories: adsorption on the edges, defects, and functional groups, insertion in the graphitic interlayers, and pore filling. In the charge curve of anode materials, highly graphitized hard carbons normally exhibit two regions: a low-potential plateau (0.01-0.10 V) and a high-potential slope (0.10-1.00 V). The reversible capacity of the materials is mainly due to the plateau region. However, this plateau capacity is easily affected by polarization at a high current density, resulting in a decreased sodium storage capacity. Although the correspondence of sodium storage behaviors to different potential regions has been controversial, it is known that the diffusion kinetics of Na + can be improved by the introduction of porosity as an effective strategy for reducing the influence of polarization. [13,[19][20][21] Previous studies have shown that porous hard carbons normally have high reversible capacity and high rate capability, yet low ICE due to a large irreversible capacity loss arising from numerous defects and a large specific surface area. [13,[22][23][24] Their sodium storage behaviors generally exhibit a slope potential region (0.01-3.00 V), but the charge specific capacity below 1.00 V is usually lower than 50%. [18,25,26] In practical use, the charge capacity below 1.00 V of a halfcell is considered to determine its realistic capacity, and a Hard carbon attracts considerable attention as an anode material for sodiumion batteries; however, their poor rate capability and low realistic capacity have motivated intense research effort toward exploiting nanostructured carbons in order to boost their comprehensive performance. Ultramicropores are considered essential for attaining high-rate capacity as well as initial Coulombic efficiency by allowing the rapid diffusion of Na + and inhibiting the contact of the electrolyte with the inner carbon surfaces. Herein, hard carbon nanosheets with centralized ultramicropores (≈0.5 nm) and easily accessible carbonyl groups (CO)/hydroxy groups (OH) are synthesized via interfacial assembly and carbonization strategies, delivering a large capacity (318 mA h ...

show abstract

“…To unify these storagem echanisms, Sun et al established an extended adsorption-insertion model and revealed the relationship between charge-storage mechanism ands tructure of HC. [55] They obtained HCs with different microstructures by carbonizing fallen ginkgo leaves at different temperatures, ranging from 600 to 2500 8C. The development of the microstructure, as well as the charge-storage mechanism and performance, are shown in Figure 3f.A tl ow temperatures, the HC possesses ah ighly disordered structure with al arge interlayer distance (> 0.4 nm).…”

Section: Principle and Mechanismmentioning

confidence: 99%

Biomass‐Derived Carbons for Sodium‐Ion Batteries and Sodium‐Ion Capacitors

et al. 2020

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

In the past decade, the rapid development of portable electronic devices, electric vehicles, and electrical devices has stimulated extensive interest in fundamental research and the commercialization of electrochemical energy‐storage systems. Biomass‐derived carbon has garnered significant research attention as an efficient, inexpensive, and eco‐friendly active material for energy‐storage systems. Therefore, high‐performance carbonaceous materials, derived from renewable sources, have been utilized as electrode materials in sodium‐ion batteries and sodium‐ion capacitors. Herein, the charge‐storage mechanism and utilization of biomass‐derived carbon for sodium storage in batteries and capacitors are summarized. In particular, the structure–performance relationship of biomass‐derived carbon for sodium storage in the form of batteries and capacitors is discussed. Despite the fact that further research is required to optimize the process and application of biomass‐derived carbon in energy‐storage devices, the current review demonstrates the potential of carbonaceous materials for next‐generation sodium‐related energy‐storage applications.

show abstract

Extended “Adsorption–Insertion” Model: A New Insight into the Sodium Storage Mechanism of Hard Carbons

Cited by 340 publications

References 69 publications

MXene‐Bonded Flexible Hard Carbon Film as Anode for Stable Na/K‐Ion Storage

MXene‐Bonded Flexible Hard Carbon Film as Anode for Stable Na/K‐Ion Storage

Hard Carbon Nanosheets with Uniform Ultramicropores and Accessible Functional Groups Showing High Realistic Capacity and Superior Rate Performance for Sodium‐Ion Storage

Biomass‐Derived Carbons for Sodium‐Ion Batteries and Sodium‐Ion Capacitors

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About