Expulsion of Entrapped Air in a Rapidly Filling Horizontal Pipe

Abstract

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A Laboratory Investigation on the Effects of Intermittent Water Supply and Remedial Measures

“…The results confirm those obtained in the laboratory by tests on pipes with small diameters and short lengths (L. Zhou et al., 2020), that is, a critical downstream valve diameter, which in the used configuration corresponds to 1/2”, causes the largest overpressure in the system.…”

“…All the other cases between the two limiting cases, with a downstream open valve smaller than the pipe diameter and not fully closed, are expected to cause different pressure variations during the filling depending on the size of the downstream valve (F. Zhou et al., 2002b; L. Zhou & Liu, 2013; L. Zhou et al., 2020).…”

“…The effects of filling and emptying in single pipes have been widely studied by several authors (Apollonio et al., 2016; Bergant et al., 2018; Fuertes‐Miquel et al., 2019; Lee, 2005; Liou & Hunt, 1996; C. S. Martin & Lee, 2000; C. Martin & Lee, 2012; Polansky et al., 2015; Tijsseling et al., 2019; Trindade & Vasconcelos, 2013; L. Zhou & Liu, 2013; F. Zhou et al., 2002a, 2020b, 2020), following the pioneering works by C. S. Martin (1976). The governing equations have been defined, solved, and tested in the laboratory at small scales using simple pipes fed by an upstream reservoir and with a downstream orifice (magnitude of diameters and lengths of 10 −2 m and 10 0 m, respectively).…”

Experimental and numerical Investigation of entrapped air presence and expulsions in irregular pipelines on hydraulic transients

“…Effect of orifice size on pressure surge during air expulsion. Figures (14)(15)(16)(17) illustrate pressure oscillation as a result of air expulsion from four different orifices sizes (d0=1.5-3-5-7 mm). The location (P3) was selected using fixed value of air pocket (Lao3=50cm) in the four cases (Lao3=50 cm, do=7 mm).…”

“…His results concluded that for larger orifices higher pressure surge is recorded with short descending slop. Zhou, Cao, Karney, Bergant, Tijsseling, Liu and Wang [16] have introduced an experimental and analytical investigation for air expulsion through horizontal end piped orifice. Details of air water pattern are investigated using image processing technique to identify the type of released flow whether its air, mist, water with little air or pure water with air volume variations and different orifice flow regimes.…”