Expressive flexibility in combat veterans with posttraumatic stress disorder and depression

Relations between Emotional Expressivity Dimensions and DSM-5 Post-traumatic Stress Disorder Symptom Clusters in a Trauma-Exposed Community Sample

“…In other words, traumatised individuals may experience and be able to express positive and negative emotional states behaviourally but may have difficulty coping with intense emotions (e.g., inability to control expressing anger in a social setting or to inhibit laughter in church). The finding potentially explains the non-significant relations between PTSD cluster severity and positive/negative expressivity, which is in line with previous research that there are no differences in emotional expression among individuals with and without a PTSD diagnosis (Rodin et al, 2017). Further, our results also mirror the sequential steps outlined in the Emotional Generation and Expression Model and may suggest that subsequent emotionally expressive behaviours which are modulated from emotional response tendencies are more likely to be associated with PTSD symptom clusters.…”

Expressive flexibility and resilience among U.S. military college students: Evaluating the enhancing and suppressing of emotions and resilience

“…Numerous research endeavors have supported the necessity to better comprehend expressive flexibility (e.g., the enhancement and suppression of emotions) and resilience (e.g., appropriately adapt to significant stressor and bounce back to normal functioning), including assessing the relationship between these two constructs, as they continue to play a significant role in shaping, assessing, and predicting human performance (Rodin et al, 2017;Westphal, Seivery, & Bonanno, 2010;Zhu & Bonanno, 2017). Such research has shown that the ability to enhance and suppress emotions and be resilient, has been integral in predicting positive stress responses (Fossion, Leys, Kempenaers, Braun, Verbanck, & Linkowski, 2014), adaptability (Bartone, Kelly, & Matthews, 2013), physical and social functioning in aging individuals (Silverman, Molton, Alschuler, Ede, & Jensen, 2015), reductions in "pain catastrophizing" (Ong, Zautra, & Reid, 2010), successful leadership and military performance (Maddi, Matthews, Kelly, Villarreal, & White, 2012), and neuro-immunological responses to stress (Sandvik, Hansen, Hystad, Johnsen, & Bartone, 2015).…”

Shared PTSD and Paradox Insomnia Among Wives of Veterans with Chronic War Induced PTSD: A Preliminary Study

“…The secondary case (wives of veterans with chronic PTSD) may be frequently more passive or more lacking in self-esteem and more suggestible. This occurrence of symptoms of PTSD is attributed to strong veterans with chronic war-induced PTSD (23). It is interesting that the veterans reported significant higher arousal symptoms in comparison to their wives, however, the other two PCL items, including re-experience and avoidance, were not higher significantly: the wives reported scores just as high as veterans in these two clusters.…”