Expressional Analysis and Role of Calcium Regulated Kinases in Abiotic Stress Signaling

Abstract

Perception of stimuli and activation of a signaling cascade is an intrinsic characteristic feature of all living organisms. Till date, several signaling pathways have been elucidated that are involved in multiple facets of growth and development of an organism. Exposure to unfavorable stimuli or stress condition activates different signaling cascades in both plants and animal. Being sessile, plants cannot move away from an unfavorable condition, and hence activate the molecular machinery to cope up or adjust against that particular stress condition. In plants, role of calcium as second messenger has been studied in detail in both abiotic and biotic stress signaling. Several calcium sensor proteins such as calmodulin (CaM), calcium dependent protein kinases (CDPK) and calcinuerin B-like (CBL) were discovered to play a crucial role in abiotic stress signaling in plants. Unlike CDPK, CBL and CaM are calcium-binding proteins, which do not have any protein kinase enzyme activity and interact with a target protein kinase termed as CBL-interacting protein kinase (CIPK) and CaM kinases respectively. Genome sequence analysis of Arabidopsis and rice has led to the identification of multigene familes of these calcium signaling protein kinases. Individual and global gene expression analysis of these protein kinase family members has been analyzed under several developmental and different abiotic stress conditions. In this review, we are trying to overview and emphasize the expressional analysis of calcium signaling protein kinases under different abiotic stress and developmental stages, and linking the expression to possible function for these kinases.

Duplicate and Conquer: Multiple Homologs ofPHOSPHORUS-STARVATION TOLERANCE1Enhance Phosphorus Acquisition and Sorghum Performance on Low-Phosphorus Soils

“…Although RLKs have been found to be important regulators of root hair growth in Arabidopsis under low-P conditions (Lan et al, 2013), their role seems to be much more general, as they also function in defense and stress responses, including drought, salinity, and cold (Lehti-Shiu et al, 2009;Ye et al, 2009;Das and Pandey, 2010;Marshall et al, 2012;Schulz et al, 2013;Vivek et al, 2013), possibly acting as hubs in stress signaling and development (Das and Pandey, 2010;Asano et al, 2012;Schulz et al, 2013). Several RLKs such as CRPK1 have been shown to play key roles in abiotic stress tolerance, positively or negatively regulating stress tolerance by modulating abscisic acid signaling and reducing the accumulation of reactive oxygen species (Lan et al, 2013).…”

Members of the Plant CRK Superfamily Are Capable of Trans- and Autophosphorylation of Tyrosine Residues

“…Thus, it is possible that both CRK3 and CRK2 play a role in the phosphorylation of these TFs in plants. On the other hand, previous studies have also suggested that some CRKs are involved in the signal transduction of different extracellular stimuli such as salt, low/high-temperature stress, wounding, and phytohormones in Arabidopsis, tobacco, tomato, and pea (61,(63)(64)(65)(66)(67). Phenome analysis based on genetic techniques might provide significant information regarding the role of CRK-dependent Tyr phosphorylation in plants.…”

Tackling Drought Stress: RECEPTOR-LIKE KINASES Present New Approaches

“…Accordingly, srlk mutants failed to limit root growth in response to salt stress (de Lorenzo et al, 2009). A signal transduction pathway mediated by SRLK was linked to the activation of a member of the calcium-dependent protein kinase (CDPK) gene family (de Lorenzo et al, 2009), which is often linked to adaptation responses to biotic and abiotic stresses (Das and Pandey, 2010).…”