Expression sites and developmental regulation of genes encoding (1?3,1?4)-?-glucanases in germinated barley

McFadden, G. I.; Ahluwalia, Bhavna; Clarke, Adrienne E.

doi:10.1007/bf00958963

Cited by 79 publications

(39 citation statements)

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“…During steeping, the barley seed is soaked in water to reach predeWned moisture content. During the germination phase, hydrolytic enzymes are synthesized by the aleurone cells (Bamforth and Barclay 1993) and scutellum (Macfadden et al 1988;Ranki 1990). These hydrolytic enzymes are secreted into the starchy endosperm where they convert proteins and carbohydrates into partially degraded biopolymers (Fincher 1989).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Differentially expressed genes during malting and correlation with malting quality phenotypes in barley (Hordeum vulgare L.)

et al. 2009

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Breeding for malting quality is an important goal of malting barley breeding programs. Malting quality is a complex phenotype that combines a large number of interrelated components, each of which shows complex inheritance. Currently, only a few genes involved in determining malting quality have been characterized. We combined transcript proWling with phenotypic correlations to identify candidate genes for malting quality. The Barley1 GeneChip ® array containing 22,792 probe sets was used to conduct transcript proWling of genes expressed in several diVerent stages of malting of four malting cultivars. Genes that were diVerentially expressed in comparisons between diVerent malting stages relative to ungerminated seed, as well as in comparisons between malting cultivars in the same malting stage were identiWed. Correlation analysis of 723 diVerentially expressed genes with malting quality phenotypes showed that 11-102 of these genes correlated with six malting quality phenotypes. Genes involved in carbohydrate metabolism were among the positively correlated genes. Genes for protein and lipid metabolism, cell wall organization and biogenesis, and genes involved in stress and defense response also correlated with malting quality phenotypes. Expressed sequence tags (ESTs) were generated from a 'malting-gene enriched' cDNA library made by suppression subtractive hybridization between malted and ungerminated seeds of 'Morex'. Eleven percent of the ESTs had no signiWcant homology with sequences in the databases, suggesting that there may be other malting-related genes Communicated by A. Graner. Electronic supplementary materialThe online version of this article

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Differentially expressed genes during malting and correlation with malting quality phenotypes in barley (Hordeum vulgare L.)

et al. 2009

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“…In germinated grain the enzymes are synthesized de novo and secreted into the starchy endosperm where they depolymerize the (1.-.->3,1 --~4)-,6'-glucans that constitute up to 70% of endosperm cell walls [3]. Expression of the two (1--93,1.-04)-,8-glucanase genes, as measured by the accumulation of their corresponding mRNAs, occurs in both the aleurone and scutellar epithelium [1,[4][5][6][7]. The expression of these two genes is subject to spatial and temporal co-ordination within the grain [1,5], Expression of (1--+3,1---)4)-,6-glucanase has al:~o been detected in young leaves and roots of the barley seedling [1,7].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Expression of the two (1--93,1.-04)-,8-glucanase genes, as measured by the accumulation of their corresponding mRNAs, occurs in both the aleurone and scutellar epithelium [1,[4][5][6][7]. The expression of these two genes is subject to spatial and temporal co-ordination within the grain [1,5], Expression of (1--+3,1---)4)-,6-glucanase has al:~o been detected in young leaves and roots of the barley seedling [1,7]. In contrast to the germinated grain, where both isoenzymes are detected, only isoenzyme El appears to be expressed in these vegetative tissues [1,7].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Barley (1→3,1→4)‐β‐glucanase isoenzyme EI gene expression is mediated by auxin and gibberellic acid

Slakeski

1992

FEBS Letters

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Treatment of young barley leaves with indole acetic acid (IAA) or gibberellic acid (GA3) results in a dramatic increase in levels of (1→3,1→4)‐β‐glucanase isoenzyme El transcripts. In young roots of comparable age, levels of isoenzyme El mRNA are high; IAA inhibits expression while GA3 has no effect on mRNA levels. The addition of both abscisic acid and GA3 to leaves, roots and aleurone layers leads to higher levels of (1→3,1→4)‐β‐glucanase isoenzyme El mRNA than is found with Ga3 alone. Little or no expression of (1→3,1→4)‐β‐glucanase isoenzyme EII is detected in vegetative tissues, but in isolated aleurone layers GA3 enhances levels of isoenzyme EII transcripts, as does IAA. Thus, the two barley (1→3,1→4)‐β‐glucanase genes respond quite differently to phytohormone treatment, depending on the tissue and its stage of development.

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“…The nucleotide sequences of overlapping cDNA clones encoding isozyme I1 have been reported [5,61. Subsequent work localized the expression of 1,3-1,4-pglucanase in the germinating barley seed [7].…”

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The isolation and characterization of a barley 1,3‐1,4‐β‐glucanase gene

Litts¹,

Simmons²,

Karrer³

et al. 1990

European Journal of Biochemistry

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The barley gene encoding isozyme I of 1,3‐1,4‐β‐glucanase was isolated and sequenced. The 6260‐bp region sequenced included 1885 bp of the 5′‐flanking region, the entire coding region, an intron of 2490 bp, and 792 bp of the 3′‐flanking region. The 1,3‐1,4‐β‐glucanase mRNA was found to be regulated at the level of RNA accumulation by both gibberellins (positively) and abscisic acid (negatively) in barley aleurones. The mRNA for isozyme II preferentially accumulated (70%) relative to the mRNA for isozyme I (30%) in poly(A)‐rich RNA isolated from material including both the aleurone and the scutellum tissues. The gene family encoding 1,3‐1,4‐β‐glucanase enzymes in barley was found to be comprised of two closely related genes, isozymes I and II, as well as several related sequences that could be identified by Southern blot analysis. The nucleotide sequence for the 5′ untranslated leader and the coding region for the signal peptide of the isozyme II transcript were determined from a cDNA produced by the polymerase chain reaction. The structure of the protein encoded by the isozyme I gene is also discussed.

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Expression sites and developmental regulation of genes encoding (1?3,1?4)-?-glucanases in germinated barley

Cited by 79 publications

References 31 publications

Differentially expressed genes during malting and correlation with malting quality phenotypes in barley (Hordeum vulgare L.)

Differentially expressed genes during malting and correlation with malting quality phenotypes in barley (Hordeum vulgare L.)

Barley (1→3,1→4)‐β‐glucanase isoenzyme EI gene expression is mediated by auxin and gibberellic acid

The isolation and characterization of a barley 1,3‐1,4‐β‐glucanase gene

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