Expression profiles of the MdACS3 gene suggest a function as an accelerator of apple (Malus×domestica) fruit ripening

Varanasi, Vijaya; Shin, Sungbong; Mattheis, James P.; Rudell, David R.; Zhu, Yanmin

doi:10.1016/j.postharvbio.2011.05.005

Cited by 28 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 34 publications

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“…) the expression of ACS3 was completely suppressed. This is in accordance with the findings that changes in ACS3 expression trigger the transition of system 1 to system 2 ethylene production and that ACS3 is regulated by a negative feedback system (Varanasi et al ). It is intriguing, though, to see that upon releasing the CA storage conditions ACS3 was upregulated again in parallel to ACS1 while at this moment ethylene production is still high.…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 93%

“…The activity of ACS3 is known to be 40 times less than that of ACS1 (Wang et al ), as a consequence its contribution to the measured activity is negligible. Nonetheless, ACS3 is believed to be responsible for the system 1 to system 2 transition (Wang et al , Varanasi et al ). Before ACS1 expression started to increase (day 3: 1 day after cold treatment) ACS3 expression was already steeply declining.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Dynamic changes of the ethylene biosynthesis in ‘Jonagold’ apple

Bulens

Poel

Hertog

et al. 2013

Physiologia Plantarum

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In this study, the short-term and dynamic changes of the ethylene biosynthesis of Jonagold apple during and after application of controlled atmosphere (CA) storage conditions were quantified using a systems biology approach. Rapid responses to imposed temperature and atmospheric conditions were captured by continuous online photoacoustic ethylene measurements. Discrete destructive sampling was done to understand observed changes of ethylene biosynthesis at the transcriptional, translational and metabolic level. Application of the ethylene inhibitor 1-methylcyclopropene (1-MCP) allowed for the discrimination between ethylene-mediated changes and ethylene-independent changes related to the imposed conditions. Online ethylene measurements showed fast and slower responses during and after application of CA conditions. The changes in 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate synthase (ACS) activity were most correlated with changes in ACS1 expression and regulated the cold-induced increase in ethylene production during the early chilling phase. Transcription of ACS3 was found ethylene independent and was triggered upon warming of CA-stored apples. Increased expression of ACO1 during shelf life led to a strong increase in 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate oxidase (ACO) activity, required for the exponential production of ethylene during system 2. Expression of ACO2 and ACO3 was upregulated in 1-MCP-treated fruit showing a negative correlation with ethylene production. ACO activity never became rate limiting.

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 93%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dynamic changes of the ethylene biosynthesis in ‘Jonagold’ apple

Bulens

Poel

Hertog

et al. 2013

Physiologia Plantarum

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“…The cDNA was diluted 20 times and a 0.6 µL aliquot was used in a 15 µL quantitative PCR (qPCR) reaction mix: 0.45 µL SYBR Green I dye (Invitrogen, Grand Island, NY), 1× iTaq buffer (Biorad, Hercules, CA), 0.2 mM dNTP (Applied Biosystem, Waltham, MA), 2.5 mM MgCl 2 , 0.3 units of iTaq DNA polymerase (Biorad, Hercules, CA) and 0.2 µM forward/reverse primer (IDT, Coralville, IA). Quantitative reverse transcription PCR (qRT-PCR) amplification and detection was performed as described [12]. Dissociation curves were run for each primer set to verify the specific amplification.…”

Section: Rna Isolation and Real-time Qrt-pcrmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A previous study on the expression patterns of a pre-climacteric ethylene biosynthesis gene, i.e. aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid synthase gene (MdACS3) among 12 apple cultivars suggested that MdACS3 acts as a maturation "accelerator" by triggering the expression of MdACS1 [12]. However, ethylene itself is most likely just one node in the hormone regulation network.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Transcript Profiles of Auxin Efflux Carrier and IAA-Amido Synthetase Genes Suggest the Role of Auxin on Apple (<i>Malus</i> × <i>domestica</i>) Fruit Maturation Patterns

Shin¹,

Lee²,

Rudell³

et al. 2015

AJPS

Self Cite

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Auxin has been suggested to play an essential role in regulating apple fruit maturation and ripening, though the molecular function of auxin and its interaction with ethylene during apple fruit development are largely unknown. To understand the function of auxin during apple fruit maturation and ripening, auxin efflux carrier and IAA-amido synthetase encoding genes were identified from the apple genome based on the results of previous microarray analysis. The expression patterns of these genes were analyzed using qRT-PCR during 10 -12 weeks of fruit maturation for two apple cultivars: "Golden Delicious" (GD) and "Cripps Pink" (CP), which have the distinct patterns of maturation progression. Our results showed that the expressions of auxin efflux carrier and IAA-amido synthetase genes have a correlation with the timing of ethylene biosynthesis pathway activation in both cultivars. The earlier and stronger expression of MdGH3.102 and MdAECFP1 in the fruit of GD, a mid-season cultivar, correlates with the earlier activation of a pre-climacteric ethylene biosynthesis gene of MdACS3, compared with that in CP, a late-ripening apple cultivar. Results of exogenous IAA treatment indicated that the expression patterns of the genes were regulated in a fruit maturity dependent manner. Our results suggested that the dynamics of the auxin level in apple fruit cortex could be one of the key factors influencing the timing of ethylene biosynthesis pathway activation and consequently contributed to the control of the apple maturation progression.

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“…ACS and ACO act as accelerators in fruit ripening by catalyzing the production of ethylene at the late fruit ripening stage, leading to irreversible senescence (Chen et al, 2003;Tatsuki et al, 2006;Cara and Giovannoni, 2008;Varanasi et al, 2011). It has been shown that once the expression levels of ACS and ACO genes were suppressed or mutated, the production of ethylene was down-regulated and the shelf life of fruit was also prolonged.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Characterization and expression profiles of MaACS and MaACO genes from mulberry (Morus alba L.)

Liu

et al. 2014

J. Zhejiang Univ. Sci. B

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Abstract:1-Aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid synthase (ACS) and 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid oxidase (ACO) are encoded by multigene families and are involved in fruit ripening by catalyzing the production of ethylene throughout the development of fruit. However, there are no reports on ACS or ACO genes in mulberry, partly because of the limited molecular research background. In this study, we have obtained five ACS gene sequences and two ACO gene sequences from Morus Genome Database. Sequence alignment and phylogenetic analysis of MaACO1 and MaACO2 showed that their amino acids are conserved compared with ACO proteins from other species. MaACS1 and MaACS2 are type I, MaACS3 and MaACS4 are type II, and MaACS5 is type III, with different C-terminal sequences. Quantitative reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) expression analysis showed that the transcripts of MaACS genes were strongly expressed in fruit, and more weakly in other tissues. The expression of MaACO1 and MaACO2 showed different patterns in various mulberry tissues. MaACS and MaACO genes demonstrated two patterns throughout the development of mulberry fruit, and both of them were strongly up-regulated by abscisic acid (ABA) and ethephon.

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Expression profiles of the MdACS3 gene suggest a function as an accelerator of apple (Malus×domestica) fruit ripening

Cited by 28 publications

References 34 publications

Dynamic changes of the ethylene biosynthesis in ‘Jonagold’ apple

Dynamic changes of the ethylene biosynthesis in ‘Jonagold’ apple

Transcript Profiles of Auxin Efflux Carrier and IAA-Amido Synthetase Genes Suggest the Role of Auxin on Apple (<i>Malus</i> × <i>domestica</i>) Fruit Maturation Patterns

Characterization and expression profiles of MaACS and MaACO genes from mulberry (Morus alba L.)

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Expression profiles of the MdACS3 gene suggest a function as an accelerator of apple (Malus×domestica) fruit ripening

Cited by 28 publications

References 34 publications

Dynamic changes of the ethylene biosynthesis in ‘Jonagold’ apple

Dynamic changes of the ethylene biosynthesis in ‘Jonagold’ apple

Transcript Profiles of Auxin Efflux Carrier and IAA-Amido Synthetase Genes Suggest the Role of Auxin on Apple (&lt;i&gt;Malus&lt;/i&gt; &#215; &lt;i&gt;domestica&lt;/i&gt;) Fruit Maturation Patterns

Characterization and expression profiles of MaACS and MaACO genes from mulberry (Morus alba L.)

Contact Info

Product

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Transcript Profiles of Auxin Efflux Carrier and IAA-Amido Synthetase Genes Suggest the Role of Auxin on Apple (<i>Malus</i> × <i>domestica</i>) Fruit Maturation Patterns