Expression patterns of hormones, signaling molecules, and transcription factors during adenohypophysis development in the chick embryo

Parkinson, Nicole; Collins, Michelle M.; Dufresne, Lynn; Ryan, Aimee K.

doi:10.1002/dvdy.22250

Cited by 19 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 75 publications

(110 reference statements)

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“…The molecular mechanisms important for the development of the adenohypophysis have been studied more extensively in mouse and zebrafish (reviewed in Kelberman et al 2009;Pogoda & Hammerschmidt 2009) compared to chick. Nevertheless, several studies in chick have described expression patterns of various signaling molecules and transcription factors during the course of hypophyseal placode invagination and in Rathke's pouch, as well as hormone expression in the adenohypophysis (Maseki et al 2004;Ellestad et al 2006;Sjodal & Gunhaga 2008;Takagi et al 2008;Parkinson et al 2010;Proszkowiec-Weglarz et al 2011). From these studies, it is clear that several signaling pathways like retinoic acid (RA), BMP, Sonic Hedgehog (Shh) and FGF might play a role in the development of the adenohypophysis.…”

Section: Individual Cranial Placodesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Development of cranial placodes: Insights from studies in chick

Jidigam

Gunhaga

2012

Dev Growth Differ

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This review focuses on how research, using chick as a model system, has contributed to our knowledge regarding the development of cranial placodes. This review highlights when and how molecular signaling events regulate early specification of placodal progenitor cells, as well as the development of individual placodes including morphological movements. In addition, we briefly describe various techniques used in chick that are important for studies in cell and developmental biology.Key words: border, chick, invagination, placodes, signaling. Chick as a model system to unravel the development of cranial placodesCranial placodes are transient thickenings of the embryonic head ectoderm at specific positions that can be detected during vertebrate development. Cranial placodes found in chick are the hypophyseal, olfactory, lens, trigeminal, otic and epibranchial ( Fig. 1). All of these placodes, except the hypophyseal, will contribute to sensory components of the peripheral nervous system (PNS), and are usually referred to as sensory placodes. The hypophyseal placode will eventually form the endocrine part of the pituitary. Among the sensory placodes, the lens is the only placode that will not give rise to any neuronal derivatives. The individual placodes will give rise to specific cell types, and together the placodes form a variety of cell types including sensory receptor cells, neurons, endocrine cells and supporting cells.Cranial placodes derive from the neural plate border (border), a region of the embryonic ectoderm located between the prospective neural and the prospective epidermal domains. Recent studies have shown when and how extracellular signals result in the specification of border cells and the individual specification of various placodes. Although specification of placodal progenitors appears to be partly regulated by common molecular mechanisms, the development and patterning of individual cranial placodes are controlled by unique molecular codes. A key question during development of any tissue or organ is how a cell adopts one fate over another. Equally important is to understand how morphological movements occur, forming tissues and organs in specific shapes. The development of placodes includes both of these developmental processes, and these events must be strictly coordinated to form functional mature structures. To analyze the acquisition of cell identity and morphological movements, various molecular and developmental biology techniques in chick can be used, which are briefly mentioned in Box 1. This review, which focus on results from chick, can be used as a complement to existing reviews concerning placode development (Baker & Bronner-Fraser 2001;Streit 2004Streit , 2007Brugmann & Moody 2005;Schlosser 2006Schlosser , 2008Schlosser , 2010Ohyama et al. 2007;Sauka-Spengler & Bronner-Fraser 2008;McCabe & Bronner-Fraser 2009;Ladher et al. 2010;Gunhaga 2011;Patthey & Gunhaga 2011). In the following sections, we discuss recent progress concerning early development of cranial placodes using chick as ...

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Section: Individual Cranial Placodesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Development of cranial placodes: Insights from studies in chick

Jidigam

Gunhaga

2012

Dev Growth Differ

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“…At neural plate stages, presumptive hypothalamic and telencephalic territories can be distinguished through homeodomain (HD) protein expression profiles: the presumptive telencephalon co-expresses Foxg1 and Six3 , whereas the presumptive hypothalamus expresses only Six3 ( Bovolenta et al, 1998 ; Bell et al, 2001 ; Chapman et al, 2002 ; Ahlgren et al, 2003 ; Sanchez-Arrones et al, 2012 ). At HH17, after neural tube formation, Shh , Fgf8 , Fgf10 , Fgf19 and Emx2 become detected in apparently non-overlapping progenitor domains along the antero-posterior axis of the developing hypothalamus ( Schubert and Lumsden, 2005 ; García-Calero et al, 2006 ; Hurtado and Mikawa, 2006 ; Manning et al, 2006 ; Gimeno and Martinez, 2007 ; Parkinson et al, 2010 ). Previous studies have begun to reveal how these domains develop.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fgf10+ progenitors give rise to the chick hypothalamus by rostral and caudal growth and differentiation

Towers

Placzek

2017

Development

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Classical descriptions of the hypothalamus divide it into three rostro-caudal domains but little is known about their embryonic origins. To investigate this, we performed targeted fate-mapping, molecular characterisation and cell cycle analyses in the embryonic chick. Presumptive hypothalamic cells derive from the rostral diencephalic ventral midline, lie above the prechordal mesendoderm and express Fgf10. Fgf10+ progenitors undergo anisotropic growth: those displaced rostrally differentiate into anterior cells, then those displaced caudally differentiate into mammillary cells. A stable population of Fgf10+ progenitors is retained within the tuberal domain; a subset of these gives rise to the tuberal infundibulum – the precursor of the posterior pituitary. Pharmacological approaches reveal that Shh signalling promotes the growth and differentiation of anterior progenitors, and also orchestrates the development of the infundibulum and Rathke's pouch – the precursor of the anterior pituitary. Together, our studies identify a hypothalamic progenitor population defined by Fgf10 and highlight a role for Shh signalling in the integrated development of the hypothalamus and pituitary.

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“…Moreover, several studies have confirmed that the expression of the PITX2 gene can activate the LIM, POU and SIX families to regulate the development and function of the hypophysis [33]. PITX2 mRNA was also detected during the early development of the hypophysis in the chick [34]. These studies showed that the PITX2 gene might play an important role in the development of chicken limb muscles and the hypophysis.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 79%

Expression Analysis of the PITX2 Gene and Associations between Its Polymorphisms and Body Size and Carcass Traits in Chickens

Cao

Dong

Mao

et al. 2019

Animals

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PITX2 is expressed in and plays an important role in myocytes of mice, and it has effects on late myogenic differentiation in chickens. However, the expression profile and polymorphisms of PITX2 remain unclear in chickens. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to detect its expression and investigate single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) within its exons and then to evaluate whether these polymorphisms affect body size as well as carcass traits in chickens. The expression analysis showed that the expression level of chicken PITX2 mRNA in the leg muscle and hypophysis was significantly higher (p < 0.01) than those in other tissues. The results of polymorphisms analysis identified two SNPs (i.e., g.9830C > T and g.10073C > T) in exon 1 and 10 SNPs (i.e., g.12713C > T, g.12755C > T, g.12938G > A, g. 3164C > T, g.13019G > A, g.13079G > A, g.13285G > A, g.13335G > A, g.13726A > G and g.13856C > T) in exon 3, including four novel SNPs (i.e., g.9830C > T, g.12713C > T, g.12938G > A and g.13856C > T). In the loci of g.10073C > T and g.12713C > T, chickens with the CT genotype had the highest (p < 0.05 or p < 0.01) breast depth and breast angle, respectively. For the locus of g.13335G > A, chickens with the GG genotype had the highest (p < 0.05 or p < 0.01) breast angle and shank circumference. For the locus of g.13726A > G, chickens with the GG genotype had the highest breast width, fossil keel bone length and shank circumference. The locus of g.12713A > G had significant effects on the PITX2 mRNA expression level in leg muscle. The H1H7 diplotype showed the highest shank circumference, and the H2H8 diplotype showed the highest breast muscle rate. The present research suggested that polymorphisms of the exons of the PITX2 gene were significantly associated with the body size and carcass traits of Wuliang Mountain Black-bone chickens and the PITX2 gene could be a potential candidate gene for molecular marker-aided selection in Wuliang Mountain Black-bone chickens and other chicken breeds.

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Expression patterns of hormones, signaling molecules, and transcription factors during adenohypophysis development in the chick embryo

Cited by 19 publications

References 75 publications

Development of cranial placodes: Insights from studies in chick

Development of cranial placodes: Insights from studies in chick

Fgf10+ progenitors give rise to the chick hypothalamus by rostral and caudal growth and differentiation

Expression Analysis of the PITX2 Gene and Associations between Its Polymorphisms and Body Size and Carcass Traits in Chickens

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