Expression patterns of genes involved in starch biosynthesis during seed development in bread wheat (Triticum aestivum)

Singh, Anuradha; Kumar, Pankaj; Sharma, Monica; Tuli, Rakesh; Dhaliwal, H. S.; Chaudhury, Ashok; Pal, Dharam; Roy, Joy

doi:10.1007/s11032-015-0371-9

Cited by 36 publications

(36 citation statements)

References 45 publications

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“…For the measurement of amylose content (AC, %) and resistant starch content (RS, %) in grain starch of M3 mutant lines, starch granules were isolated following a modified protocol [ 56 ]. Amylose content in the extracted starch was measured using protocols described elsewhere [ 19 ]. AC was also reconfirmed using the modified Concanavaline A (Con A) precipitation method [ 57 ].…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Starch biosynthesis is initiated by ADP-glucose pyrophosphorylase (AGPase) from glucose-1-phosphate in seed amyloplasts and further by a series of several classes of enzymes whose isoforms are involved in the biosynthesis of amylose and amylopectin [ 18 ]. Amylose is biosynthesized by granule-bound starch synthase (GBSS) while amylopectin is biosynthesized by the coordinated actions of soluble starch synthase (SS), starch branching enzyme (SBE), and starch debranching enzyme (DBEs) [ 19 ]. Starch metabolic pathway genes responsible for the modulation of the amylose-amylopectin ratio have been identified either through extensive breeding approaches [ 1 – 3 ] or through advance biotechnological approaches, including T-DNA or transposon insertion [ 14 , 20 ] and RNAi [ 13 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Development of EMS-induced mutation population for amylose and resistant starch variation in bread wheat (Triticum aestivum) and identification of candidate genes responsible for amylose variation

et al. 2016

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BackgroundStarch is a major part of cereal grain. It comprises two glucose polymer fractions, amylose (AM) and amylopectin (AP), that make up about 25 and 75 % of total starch, respectively. The ratio of the two affects processing quality and digestibility of starch-based food products. Digestibility determines nutritional quality, as high amylose starch is considered a resistant or healthy starch (RS type 2) and is highly preferred for preventive measures against obesity and related health conditions. The topic of nutrition security is currently receiving much attention and consumer demand for food products with improved nutritional qualities has increased. In bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L.), variation in amylose content is narrow, hence its limited improvement. Therefore, it is necessary to produce wheat lines or populations showing wide variation in amylose/resistant starch content. In this study, a set of EMS-induced M4 mutant lines showing dynamic variation in amylose/resistant starch content were produced. Furthermore, two diverse mutant lines for amylose content were used to study quantitative expression patterns of 20 starch metabolic pathway genes and to identify candidate genes for amylose biosynthesis.ResultsA population comprising 101 EMS-induced mutation lines (M4 generation) was produced in a bread wheat (Triticum aestivum) variety. Two methods of amylose measurement in grain starch showed variation in amylose content ranging from ~3 to 76 % in the population. The method of in vitro digestion showed variation in resistant starch content from 1 to 41 %. One-way ANOVA analysis showed significant variation (p < 0.05) in amylose and resistant starch content within the population. A multiple comparison test (Dunnett’s test) showed that significant variation in amylose and resistant starch content, with respect to the parent, was observed in about 89 and 38 % of the mutant lines, respectively. Expression pattern analysis of 20 starch metabolic pathway genes in two diverse mutant lines (low and high amylose mutants) showed higher expression of key genes of amylose biosynthesis (GBSSI and their isoforms) in the high amylose mutant line, in comparison to the parent. Higher expression of amylopectin biosynthesis (SBE) was observed in the low amylose mutant lines. An additional six candidate genes showed over-expression (BMY, SPA) and reduced-expression (SSIII, SBEI, SBEIII, ISA3) in the high amylose mutant line, indicating that other starch metabolic genes may also contribute to amylose biosynthesis.ConclusionIn this study a set of 101 EMS-induced mutant lines (M4 generation) showing variation in amylose and resistant starch content in seed were produced. This population serves as useful germplasm or pre-breeding material for genome-wide study and improvement of starch-based processing and nutrition quality in wheat. It is also useful for the study of the genetic and molecular basis of amylose/resistant starch variation in wheat. Furthermore, gene expression analysis of 20 starch metabolic genes in the two...

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Development of EMS-induced mutation population for amylose and resistant starch variation in bread wheat (Triticum aestivum) and identification of candidate genes responsible for amylose variation

et al. 2016

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“…Moreover, the proportion of carbon used for night respiration increases during early to mid‐grain filling, which coincides with both senescence and higher range of temperatures that wheat experiences under current growing conditions (Lobell, Sibley, & Ortiz‐Monasterio, ; Sakuraba et al, ; Singh et al, ). This leads to quicker break‐down of stored assimilates due to increased respiration, which would otherwise contribute towards grain filling.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 95%

Carbon balance and source‐sink metabolic changes in winter wheat exposed to high night‐time temperature

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Sunoj

Krassovskaya

et al. 2019

Plant Cell & Environment

107

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Carbon loss under high night‐time temperature (HNT) leads to significant reduction in wheat yield. Growth chamber studies were carried out using six winter wheat genotypes, to unravel postheading HNT (23°C)–induced alterations in carbon balance, source‐sink metabolic changes, yield, and yield‐related traits compared with control (15°C) conditions. Four of the six tested genotypes recorded a significant increase in night respiration after 4 days of HNT exposure, with all the cultivars regulating carbon loss and demonstrating different degree of acclimation to extended HNT exposure. Metabolite profiling indicated carbohydrate metabolism in spikes and activation of the TriCarboxylic Acid (TCA) cycle in leaves as important pathways operating under HNT exposure. A significant increase in sugars, sugar‐alcohols, and phosphate in spikes of the tolerant genotype (Tascosa) indicated osmolytes and membrane protective mechanisms acting against HNT damage. Enhanced night respiration under HNT resulted in higher accumulation of TCA cycle intermediates like isocitrate and fumarate in leaves of the susceptible genotype (TX86A5606). Lower grain number due to lesser productive spikes and reduced grain weight due to shorter grain‐filling duration determined HNT‐induced yield loss in winter wheat. Traits and mechanisms identified will help catalyze the development of physiological and metabolic markers for breeding HNT‐tolerant wheat.

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“…It is noteworthy that many newly cultivated rice varieties will suffer more from cold stress over time, as they might experience longer grain-filling processes than those of the three medium-maturing cultivars used in this study (Yuan et al, 2006;Yang and Zhang, 2010a). The grain yield was defined as the product of the yield sink capacity and the filling efficiency in rice and other cereal crops (Ishimaru et al, 2005;Yang and Zhang, 2010b;Singh et al, 2015). Especially for the SA200 treatment, the grain yield increment differed between the cultivars and was as high as 7.05%, on average, in comparison with their respective controls (Fig.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…3 and 4). The activities or gene expression of these enzymes are positively related to the grain-filling rates in rice and wheat (Yang et al, 2004;Ishimaru et al, 2005;Singh et al, 2015). Many enzymes, such as sucrose, ADP-glucose pyrophosphorylase, starch synthase, and SBE, are considered to play a crucial role in this process.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Application of Salicylic Acid Improves Filling of Inferior Grains of Rice during Late Maturity under Mild Cold Stress

et al. 2017

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Medium‐ or late‐maturing varieties of rice (Oryza sativa L.) that are planted in agroecosystems in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze Valley of China always encounter cold stress during the late grain‐filling stage. Generally, grain yield and yield components are adversely affected under such circumstances. To alleviate these negative effects, salicylic acid (SA; i.e., SA0 [control, 0 mg L−1], SA100 [100 mg L−1], SA200 [200 mg L−1], SA300 [300 mg L−1], and SA400 [400 mg L−1]) was exogenously sprayed on plants of three rice cultivars at full heading in the field at the experimental base of China National Rice Research Institute (CNRRI) in Fuyang City, China (30°03′ N, 119°57′ E, 11 m asl). The results indicated that the mean grain‐filling rate and grain weight of the inferior grains were significantly increased under the SA200 (200 mg L−1) treatment and correspondingly contributed to a grain yield increase of 5.0 to 10.1% in comparison with the control. Further analysis showed that the SA200 treatment significantly increased the activity of the starch branching enzyme in inferior grains over the entire grain‐filling stage. Additionally, the photosynthetic rate, chlorophyll content, and soluble protein content of the flag leaf, which precisely reflected the senescence status, were significantly increased under the SA200 treatment, especially during late maturity under mild cold stress. We speculated that improved physiological changes during the late grain‐filling stage account for the increased grain weight and grain yield. Therefore, application of SA was a promising method of alleviating the adverse effects that were induced by mild cold stress on the grain yield of rice in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze Valley of China.

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Expression patterns of genes involved in starch biosynthesis during seed development in bread wheat (Triticum aestivum)

Cited by 36 publications

References 45 publications

Development of EMS-induced mutation population for amylose and resistant starch variation in bread wheat (Triticum aestivum) and identification of candidate genes responsible for amylose variation

Development of EMS-induced mutation population for amylose and resistant starch variation in bread wheat (Triticum aestivum) and identification of candidate genes responsible for amylose variation

Carbon balance and source‐sink metabolic changes in winter wheat exposed to high night‐time temperature

Application of Salicylic Acid Improves Filling of Inferior Grains of Rice during Late Maturity under Mild Cold Stress

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