Expression patterns of CD168 correlate with the stage and grade of squamous cell carcinoma of head and neck

Abstract

Abstract. The receptor for hyaluronan-mediated motility CD168 is associated with the processes of oncogenesis and metastasis. The objective of the present study was to determine the possible association between the expression and distribution of CD168 and the tumor stage of head-and-neck squamous cell carcinoma (SCC). Formalin-fixed and paraffinembedded tumor samples obtained from 100 patients during primary resection of SCC from the oral cavity, oropharynx, hypopharynx or larynx were included in the present study. The patients were divided into two risk groups: Low risk, representing the early stage of completely resected SCCs with good-to-moderate differentiation, and the high-risk group, representing the advanced stage SCCs with positive resection margins, vascular invasion or locoregional metastasis. All specimens were stained with a monoclonal antibody against CD168. Percentage and staining intensity of CD168-positive cells were scored, and their spatial distribution within the tumor nests was noted. The results obtained were correlated with the tumor stage. The quantification of CD168 expression revealed significant differences between the two risk groups (t-test, P=0.002), with higher scores in tumors resected from the highrisk SSC group compared with those from the low-risk group. In addition, in the high-risk group, the CD168-positive cells were present predominantly in the periphery (70.4%) of tumor nests, whereas in the low-risk group, only 56.6% were located there; however, this trend did not reach the level of statistical significance. Taken together, the results from the present study suggested that CD168 expression patterns could potentially be used as a predictor of tumor aggressiveness, and therefore they may be a prognostic factor in head-and-neck SCC.

Increased expression of HMMR in renal cell carcinoma is an independent prognostic factor

“…However, when cardiomyocytes are exposed to oxygen, expression of HMMR is decreased significantly (21,22). HMMR is overexpressed in numerous types of tumor, including breast, bladder and endometrial cancer (14)(15)(16)(17), and knockdown of HMMR inhibits the growth of tumor cells (23,24). However, the specific molecular regulatory mechanism is still unclear.…”

“…All these biological characteristics are associated with the occurrence, development and metastasis of tumors. In clinical studies, HMMR has been shown to be expressed in malignant glioma, as well as breast, bladder and endometrial cancer (14)(15)(16)(17). The HMMR gene is highly expressed in mouse embryonic cardiomyocytes and regulates cell cycle as a mitotic regulator (18).…”

“…The HMMR gene is highly expressed in mouse embryonic cardiomyocytes and regulates cell cycle as a mitotic regulator ( 18 ). HMMR is associated with, and may be a new marker for, cell proliferation ( 15 , 19 ). Although HMMR is highly expressed in a variety of tumor tissue, the mechanism of HMMR in the occurrence and development of RCC is still unclear.…”

N-cadherin and hyaluronan expression in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma, relation to patient outcomes

“…To date, no valuable immuno-histochemical biomarkers predicting the clinical outcomes of head-and-neck SCC have been described. [18] This led researchers to study factors that could predict the prognosis. These factors may help personalized therapy.…”

Overexpression of CD168 is related to poor prognosis in oral squamous cell carcinoma

“…Moreover, knockdown of CD168 reduces the holoclone‐forming ability of CSCs (Shigeishi et al., 2013). At present, the expression patterns of CD168 in OSCC have been determined in a few studies (Johrens et al., 2017; Schmitt et al., 2009; Shigeishi et al., 2009; Yamano et al., 2008), but due to the short observation times and small patient cohorts, the correlation between CD168 expression and patient prognosis in OSCC has yet to be determined.…”