Expression pattern of neuronal nitric oxide synthase in embryonic zebrafish

Poon, Kar Lai; Richardson, Miles; Lam, Chen Sok; Khoo, Hock Eng; Korzh, Vladimir

doi:10.1016/s1567-133x(03)00063-2

Cited by 45 publications

(44 citation statements)

References 28 publications

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“…*P<0.05. L-NAME, N G -nitro-L-arginine methyl ester; NO, nitric oxide; SNP, sodium nitroprusside Effects of NO in zebrafish larval intestine et al, 1998) and birds (Balaskas et al, 1995) as well as in amphibian (Holmberg et al, 2001) and teleost embryos and larvae (Villani, 1999;Poon et al, 2003;Holmqvist et al, 2004). The latter studies include zebrafish; however, the difference in time of appearance of NOS positive neurons between the middle-distal and proximal intestine observed in this study has not been reported previously.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 46%

“…A variety of neurotransmitters have been identified in the developing gut in mammals (Gintzler et al, 1980;Rothman and Gershon, 1982;Larsson et al, 1987;Timmermans et al, 1994;Brandt et al, 1996;van Ginneken et al, 1998), birds (Epstein et al, 1985;Rothman et al, 1986;Balaskas et al, 1995), amphibians (Holmberg et al, 2001;Maake et al, 2001;Badawy and Reinecke, 2003) and teleosts (Reinecke et al, 1997;Villani, 1999;Poon et al, 2003;Holmberg et al, 2004;Holmqvist et al, 2004;Pederzoli et al, 2004). In the zebrafish, enteric neurons are present in the gut before the onset of exogenous feeding (Raible et al, 1992;Bisgrove et al, 1997;Holmberg et al, 2003).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…NOS is also present in interstitial cells of Cajal (ICCs) in mammals and are thought to be the pacemaker cells of the gut, but also act as relay cells for both excitatory and inhibitory neurotransmission to gut smooth muscle. In developing zebrafish larvae, neuronal NOS is expressed in nerves innervating peripheral organs, including enteric ganglia (Poon et al, 2003;Holmqvist et al, 2004). However, the function of NO in the developing gut is not known.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The effects of endogenous and exogenous nitric oxide on gut motility in zebrafish Danio rerio embryos and larvae

Holmberg

Olsson

Holmgren

2006

Journal of Experimental Biology

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SUMMARY Using motion analysis, the ontogeny of the nitrergic control system in the gut was studied in vivo in zebrafish Danio rerio embryos and larvae. For the first time we show the presence of a nitrergic tonus,modulating both anterograde and retrograde contraction waves in the intestine of developing zebrafish. At 4 d.p.f. (days post fertilisation), the nitric oxide synthase (NOS) inhibitor l-NAME (three boluses of 50–100 nl, 10–3 mol l–1) increased the anterograde contraction wave frequency by 0.50±0.10 cycles min–1. Subsequent application of the NO donor sodium nitroprusside (SNP; three boluses of 50–100 nl, 10–4mol l–1) reduced the frequency of propagating anterograde waves (–0.71±0.20 cycles min–1). This coincided with the first appearance of an excitatory cholinergic tonus, observed in an earlier study. One day later, at 5 d.p.f., in addition to the effect on anterograde contraction waves, application of l-NAME increased(0.39±0.15 cycles min–1) and following SNP application reduced (–1.61±0.36 cycles min–1) the retrograde contraction wave frequency. In contrast, at 3 d.p.f., when no spontaneous motility is observed, application of l-NAME did not induce contraction waves in either part of the gut, indicating the lack of a functional inhibitory tonus at this early stage. Gut neurons expressing NOS-like immunoreactivity were present in the distal and middle intestine as early as 2 d.p.f., and at 1 day later in the proximal intestine. In conclusion, the present study suggests that a nitrergic inhibitory tonus develops shortly before or at the time for onset of exogenous feeding.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 46%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The effects of endogenous and exogenous nitric oxide on gut motility in zebrafish Danio rerio embryos and larvae

Holmberg

Olsson

Holmgren

2006

Journal of Experimental Biology

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“…7D). The lack of enteric precursor cells in the more posterior parts of the intestine is maintained at 60 and 72 hpf, as determined both by in situ using probes for phox2b (Elworthy et al, 2005;Shepherd et al, 2004), gfra1a (Shepherd et al, 2001), ret (Bisgrove et al, 1997) and nos1 (Poon et al, 2003), and by immunocytochemistry using an anti-phox2b antibody (Pattyn et al, 1997) (Fig. 7E-H; Fig.…”

Section: Research Articlementioning

confidence: 97%

“…Digoxigeninlabelled and fluorescein-labelled riboprobes were synthesized from templates linearized with BamHI using T7 RNA polymerase for trap100. Other digoxigenin-labelled riboprobes used in this study were synthesized from templates linearized and transcribed as follows: crestin (Rubinstein et al, 2000), SacI and T7; phox2b (Shepherd et al, 2004), NotI and T7; dlx2a (Akimenko et al, 1994) and foxn1 (Schorpp et al, 2002), BamHI and T7; rag1 (Willett et al, 1997), HindII and T7; epha4 (Xu et al, 1995), EcoRI and T3; hoxb4 (Prince et al, 1998), KpnI and T3; ifbp (Andre et al, 2000), trypsin (Mayer and Fishman, 2003), pax9 (Nornes et al, 1996) and gata6 (Pack et al, 1996), SalI and T7; foxa2 (Strahle et al, 1993), SacI and T3; ptc1 (Concordet et al, 1996), BamHI and T3; shh (Ekker et al, 1995), HindII and T7; ret (Bisgrove et al, 1997), NotI and T7; and gfra1a (Shepherd et al, 2001) and nos1 (previously nnos) (Poon et al, 2003), NotI and Sp6. Digoxigenin-labelled probes were visualized with NBT/BCIP coloration reactions, while fluorescein-labelled riboprobe was visualized with Fast Red (Roche).…”

Section: Whole-mount In Situ Hybridizationmentioning

confidence: 99%

lessenencodes a zebrafishtrap100required for enteric nervous system development

et al. 2006

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The zebrafish enteric nervous system (ENS), like those of all other vertebrate species, is principally derived from the vagal neural crest. The developmental controls that govern the specification and patterning of the ENS are not well understood. To identify genes required for the formation of the vertebrate ENS, we preformed a genetic screen in zebrafish. We isolated the lessen (lsn) mutation that has a significant reduction in the number of ENS neurons as well as defects in other cranial neural crest derived structures. We show that the lsn gene encodes a zebrafish orthologue of Trap100, one of the subunits of the TRAP/mediator transcriptional regulation complex. A point mutation in trap100 causes a premature stop codon that truncates the protein, causing a loss of function. Antisense-mediated knockdown of trap100 causes an identical phenotype to lsn. During development trap100 is expressed in a dynamic tissue-specific expression pattern consistent with its function in ENS and jaw cartilage development. Analysis of neural crest markers revealed that the initial specification and migration of the neural crest is unaffected in lsn mutants. Phosphohistone H3 immunocytochemistry revealed that there is a significant reduction in proliferation of ENS precursors in lsn mutants. Using cell transplantation studies, we demonstrate that lsn/trap100 acts cell autonomously in the pharyngeal mesendoderm and influences the development of neural crest derived cartilages secondarily. Furthermore, we show that endoderm is essential for ENS development. These studies demonstrate that lsn/trap100 is not required for initial steps of cranial neural crest development and migration, but is essential for later proliferation of ENS precursors in the intestine.

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