Expression of β-arrestin 1 in Gastric Cardiac Adenocarcinoma and its Relation with Progression

Abstract

Objective: Arrestins act as mediators of G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) desensitization and trafficking, also actin as a scaffold for many intracellular signaling network. The role that β-arrestin 1 plays in gastric cardiac adenocarcinoma (GCA) and its clinicopathologic significance are untouched. Methods: Fifty patients with gastric cardiac adenocarcinoma were retrospectively enrolled and β-arrestin 1 was detected using immunohistochemistry in tissue samples. Results: Nuclear expression of β-arrestin 1 was observed in 78% of GCA samples (39/50) and cytoplasmic expression in 70% (35/50). β-arrestin 1 could be found in both nucleus and cytoplasm of 54% GCA (27/50) or in either of them in 94% (47/50). β-arrestin 1 protein positivity in well/ moderately differentiated carcinomas was significantly higher than that in poorly differentiated carcinomas (P=0.005). We found increased expression of β-arrestin 1 in cytoplasm was correlated with lymph nodal metastasis (P=0.002) and pathological lymph nodal staging (P=0.030). We also found β-arrestin 1 to be over-expressed in glandular epithelia cells of mucinous adenocarcinoma, a tumour type associated with an adverse outcome of gastric cardiac adenocarcinoma (P=0.022). Conclusion: β-arrestin 1 is over-expressed in the nucleus and/or cytoplasm of gastric cardiac adenocarcinoma. However, β-arrestin 1 has no relationship with the prognosis of gastric cardiac adenocarcinoma (P>0.05). Our data imply that β-arrestin 1 in cytoplasm may be involved in differentiation and metastasis of gastric cardiac adenocarcinoma.

Subcellular localization of β-arrestin1 and its prognostic value in lung adenocarcinoma

“…[ 12 , 13 , 25 ] In past studies, high expression of β-arrestin1 was associated with unfavorable clinicopathological parameters, such as histological grade, tumor size, lymph node metastases, distant metastases, and so on. [ 26 , 27 ] In the present study, we found that neither β-arrestin1(C) nor β-arrestin1(N) had a correlation with age, sex, smoking status, drinking status, grade of differentiation, tumor location, T stage, lymph node involvement, pathological stage, or the type of surgical procedure.…”

“…[ 26 ] In addition, Wang et al documented that β-arrestin1 had no relationship with the prognosis of gastric cardia adenocarcinoma. [ 27 ] Santulli proposed that, in the adrenal medulla, β-arrestin1 and G-protein-coupled receptor kinases 2 (GRK2) finely regulated the secretion of catecholamines. But in the heart, β-arrestin1 and GRK2 inhibited β-adrenergic receptor (βAR)-mediated inotropic effects, which was detrimental to cardiac function.…”

<p>The Role of β-Arrestin1 in Esophageal Squamous Cell Carcinoma</p>

“…24 Wang et al studied that β-arrestin 1 was strikingly correlated with lymph nodal metastasis and pathological lymph nodal staging. 25 As expected, the results revealed that β-arrestin1 could promote the migration and invasion of ESCC cells. What's more, β-arrestin1 accelerated the process of EMT in ESCC cells and subcutaneous xenotransplanted tumors, while β-arrestin1 interference could inhibit migration, invasion and process of EMT in ESCC.…”

Loss of β-arrestin1 expression predicts unfavorable prognosis for non-small cell lung cancer patients

“…Their functional disparities might be explained by the minor differences in their sequences [16]. Unfortunately, our results of β-arrestin2 expression status in the current patients cohort were quite limited because of unknown experimental abnormalities; at last, we only collected efficient immunohistochemistry results in 36 adenocarcinoma specimens: 23 showed deletion of expression, 13 showed expression, including 2 high expression (staining score≥8), but COX survival analysis showed no prognostic significance of β-arrestin2 (univariate: binary variable, P=0.297; categorical variable, P=0.353).…”

“…However, the expression of β-arrestins in primary tumors has not been widely investigated, and their clinical significance is also not well revealed yet. To the best of our knowledge, only a few studies analyzed β-arrestin1 expression in primary tumors [14][15][16]. Thus, we conducted this research to explore the expression status of β-arrestin1 in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) to further discuss its clinicopathologic significance.…”