Expression of Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor in Adenocarcinomas of the Uterine Cervix and Its Relation to Angiogenesis and p53 and c-erbB-2 Protein Expression

Expression of PTEN in the progression of cervical neoplasia and its relation to tumor behavior and angiogenesis in invasive squamous cell carcinoma

“…Like many other solid tumors, cervical neoplasia is now believed to develop through a multistep process involving activation of oncogenes and inactivation of tumor suppressor genes [29]. Previous studies on the relationship between alteration of tumor suppressor genes and the development of cervical neoplasia focused on p53 [30,31], p16 [32], FHIT [33], RB [30], etc.…”

Expression of Macrophage Migration Inhibitory Factor and CD74 in Cervical Squamous Cell Carcinoma

“…Some studies have demonstrated that angiogenesis is an independent prognostic factor in cervical cancer, 1,2 and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) is crucially involved in the angiogenesis of cervical cancer. 3 Macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF) is a pluripotent cytokine, originally identified as a product of activated T lymphocytes, and inhibits the random migration of macrophages. In addition to its roles in inflammation and immunity, recent studies have shown that MIF contributes to tumorigenesis.…”

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“…12,13 . The loss, or inactivation, of wild-type p53 has been found to indirectly promote tumor angiogenesis by up-regulation of angiogenesis-promoting protein, the vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) 14 .…”