Expression of Toll‐Like Receptors 2 and 4 and Related Cytokines in Patients with Hepatic Cystic and Alveolar Echinococcosis

Tuxun, Tuerhongjiang; Ma, Hai‐Zhang; Apaer, Shadike; Zhang, Heng; Aierken, Amina; Li, Yupeng; Lin, Renyong; Zhao, Jinming; Zhang, Jinhui; Wen, Hao

doi:10.1155/2015/632760

Cited by 24 publications

(19 citation statements)

References 38 publications

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“…KEGG pathway analysis further demonstrated that the mRNAs targeted by the miRNAs were mainly involved in the regulation of signal transduction, infectious diseases, and the immune system, which have been widely researched and demonstrated to be associated with the functions of exosomes (Coakley et al, 2015 ). The predicted host target genes are involved in the inflammatory responses, including encoding members of the TNF, TLR, MAPK, and NF-κB signaling pathways, which have previously been documented to modulate cytokines during chronic E. granulosus infection (Refik et al, 2005 ; Tuxun et al, 2015 ; Labsi et al, 2018 ; Zhang et al, 2019 ). Additionally, the most abundant miRNAs were predicted to participate in Th1 and Th2 cell differentiation, Th17 cell differentiation, and IL-17 signaling pathway, and these immune responses occur during E. granulosus infections (Tuxun et al, 2012 ; Labsi et al, 2018 ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comprehensive Analysis of Non-coding RNA Profiles of Exosome-Like Vesicles From the Protoscoleces and Hydatid Cyst Fluid of Echinococcus granulosus

Zhang

Gong

Cao

et al. 2020

Front. Cell. Infect. Microbiol.

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Cystic echinococcosis is a worldwide chronic zoonotic disease that threatens human health and animal husbandry. Exosome-like vesicles (ELVs) have emerged recently as mediators in the parasite-parasite intercommunication and parasite-host interactions. Exosome-like vesicles from parasites can transfer non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) into host cells to regulate their gene expression; however, the ncRNAs profiles of the ELVs from Echinococcus granulosus remain unknown. Here, we isolated protoscolece (PSC)-ELVs and hydatid fluid (HF)-ELVs from the culture medium for E. granulosus PSCs in vitro and the HF of fertile sheep cysts, respectively. The microRNA (miRNA), long non-coding RNA (lncRNA), and circular RNA (circRNA) profiles of the two types of ELVs were analyzed using high-throughput sequencing, and their functions were predicted using Gene Ontology enrichment and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes pathway analysis. In PSC-ELVs and HF-ELVs, 118 and 58 miRNAs were identified, respectively, among which 53 miRNAs were present in both ELVs, whereas 65 and 5 miRNAs were unique to PSC-ELVs and HF-ELVs, respectively; 2,361 and 1,254 lncRNAs were identified in PSC-ELVs and HF-ELVs, respectively, among which 1,004 lncRNAs were present in both ELVs, whereas 1,357 and 250 lncRNAs were unique to PSC-ELVs and HF-ELVs, respectively. Intriguingly, the spilled PSCs from cysts excrete ELVs with higher numbers of and higher expression levels of miRNAs and circRNAs than HF-ELVs. The miRNA sequencing data were validated by quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction. Furthermore, the target lncRNAs and mRNAs regulated by the 20 most abundant miRNAs were screened, and a ceRNA regulatory network containing 5 miRNAs, 41 lncRNAs, and 23 mRNAs was constructed, which provided new ideas and the molecular basis for further clarification of the function and mechanism of E. granulosus ELVs ncRNAs in the parasite-host interactions. Egr-miR-125-5p and egr-miR-10a-5p, sharing identical seed sites with host miRNAs, were predicted to mediate inflammatory response, collagen catabolic process, and mitogen-activated Zhang et al. NcRNAs in Echinococcus granulosus ELVs protein kinase cascade during parasite infections. In conclusion, for the first time, we identified the ncRNAs profiles in PSC-ELVs and HF-ELVs that might be involved in host immunity and pathogenesis, and enriched the ncRNAs data of E. granulosus. These results provided valuable resources for further analysis of the regulatory potential of ncRNAs, especially miRNAs, in both types of ELVs at the parasite-host interface.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comprehensive Analysis of Non-coding RNA Profiles of Exosome-Like Vesicles From the Protoscoleces and Hydatid Cyst Fluid of Echinococcus granulosus

Zhang

Gong

Cao

et al. 2020

Front. Cell. Infect. Microbiol.

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“…Plasma was prepared and stored at −80 °C until use 37 . PBMCs were isolated using the Ficoll-Hypaque (Sigma-Aldrich, St Louis, MO, USA) density gradient centrifugation technique 37 .…”

Section: Samples Preparationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Plasma IL-23 and IL-5 as surrogate markers of lesion metabolic activity in patients with hepatic alveolar echinococcosis

Tuxun

Apaer

et al. 2018

Sci Rep

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Fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) uptake by alveolar echinococcosis (AE) liver lesions is a signal of their metabolic activity and of disease progression. In order to find a surrogate marker for this status, we investigated whether parameters of the peripheral and/or periparasitic immune responses were associated with metabolic activity in a prospective case-control study of 30 AE patients and 22 healthy controls. Levels of 18 cytokines and chemokines, representative of innate and adaptive immune responses, were assessed in plasma and peripheral cells of two groups of patients with (MAAE) and without (MIAE) metabolically active lesions, and in the liver of MAAE patients. Mixed cytokine profile was observed in the peripheral blood of AE patients, with a predominance of Th2, Th17 and Treg responses. Among the detected markers only plasma IL-5 and IL-23, more elevated in MAAE patients, were found discriminant. Discrimination between MAAE and MIAE patients obtained by using IL-23 was improved when IL-5 was used in combination. The combination of elevated levels of IL-5 and IL-23 is significantly associated with FDG uptake at PET scan. It offers a new tool for the follow-up of AE patients which could substitute to FDG-PET whenever non-available to assess disease progression.

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“…Tuxun, et al [21] IL-23 levels were significantly higher in the AE group than in the healthy control group. Tuxun et al [22] Viable proliferating E. multilocularis metacestode vesicles induced significant IL-8 and MCP-1 production by peripheral blood cells from AE patients.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The correlations between Th1 and Th2 cytokines in human alveolar echinococcosis

Zhang

Liu

et al. 2020

Preprint

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Background: Alveolar echinococcosis (AE) is a cosmopolitan zoonotic parasitic disease caused by Echinococcus multilocularis larval tapeworm infections in humans that severely impairs the health of affected patients. Methods: The expression levels of 20 cytokines associated with AE infection were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, and the correlations between these cytokines were analysed in the R programming language. Results: Serum cytokine levels differed among individuals in both the AE patient and healthy control groups. Related studies have shown that different cytokines are associated with AE. Therefore, we investigated the correlations among the cytokines; these correlations were simple in the healthy control group butcomplex in the AE patient group. Th2 cytokines, such as interferon (IFN)-γ, interleukin (IL)-1β and monocyte chemoattractant protein (MCP)-1, had high betweenness centrality in AE patients, whereas Th1 cytokines, such as growth-regulated oncogene (GRO)-α, eotaxin and IL-5, had high betweenness centrality in the healthy control group. Conclusions: The altered correlations between Th1 and Th2 cytokines may be closely associated with AE progression.

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Expression of Toll‐Like Receptors 2 and 4 and Related Cytokines in Patients with Hepatic Cystic and Alveolar Echinococcosis

Cited by 24 publications

References 38 publications

Comprehensive Analysis of Non-coding RNA Profiles of Exosome-Like Vesicles From the Protoscoleces and Hydatid Cyst Fluid of Echinococcus granulosus

Comprehensive Analysis of Non-coding RNA Profiles of Exosome-Like Vesicles From the Protoscoleces and Hydatid Cyst Fluid of Echinococcus granulosus

Plasma IL-23 and IL-5 as surrogate markers of lesion metabolic activity in patients with hepatic alveolar echinococcosis

The correlations between Th1 and Th2 cytokines in human alveolar echinococcosis

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