Abstract:We have characterized three cDNAs encoding osmotin-like proteins from potato (Solanum commersonii) cell cultures. These cDNAs (pA13, pA35, and pA81) have extensive nucleotide identity in the coding regions but low homology in the 3' non-coding sequences, and may encode three isoforms of potato pathogenesis-related (PR) type 5 proteins. Using gene-specific probes, RNA gel blot analyses showed constitutive accumulation of osmotin-like protein mRNAs in cell cultures, leaves, stems, roots and flowers, with high ab… Show more
“…5). These genes have been previously reported to be salt stress inducible in different species (Zhu et al, 1995;Nylander et al, 2001;Pendranzani et al, 2003). We observed that NH 4 + treatments induced RD22 mRNA accumulation in the absence of salt stress and that RD22 mRNA accumulation in response to salt stress lightly increased after salinity in both treatments (Fig.…”
Section: Nh 4 + Treatment Induces the Main Hormone Signaling Pathwaysmentioning
In this work, we demonstrate that NH 4 + nutrition in citrange Carrizo plants acts as an inducer of resistance against salinity conditions. We investigated its mode of action and provide evidence that NH 4 + confers resistance by priming abscisic acid and polyamines, just as enhancing H 2 O 2 and proline basal content. Moreover it observed a diminished Cl -uptake as well as an enhanced PHGPx expression after salt stress. Control and N-NH 4 + plants have shown optimal growth, however it was observed that N-NH 4 + plants have displayed greater dry weight and total lateral roots than control plants, but that differences are not seen for primary roots length. Our results reveal that N-NH 4 + treatment induces a similar phenotypical response to the recent stress-induced morphogenetic response (SIMRs). The hypothesis is that N-NH 4 + treatment triggers mild chronic stress in citrange Carrizo plants, which might explain the SIMR observed. Moreover, we observed modulators of stress signaling, such as H 2 O 2 in N-NH 4 + plants, which could acts as an intermediary between stress and the development of the SIMR phenotype. This observation suggests that NH 4 + treatments induce a mild stress condition that primes the citrange Carrizo defense response by stress imprinting and confers protection against a subsequent salt stress.
“…5). These genes have been previously reported to be salt stress inducible in different species (Zhu et al, 1995;Nylander et al, 2001;Pendranzani et al, 2003). We observed that NH 4 + treatments induced RD22 mRNA accumulation in the absence of salt stress and that RD22 mRNA accumulation in response to salt stress lightly increased after salinity in both treatments (Fig.…”
Section: Nh 4 + Treatment Induces the Main Hormone Signaling Pathwaysmentioning
In this work, we demonstrate that NH 4 + nutrition in citrange Carrizo plants acts as an inducer of resistance against salinity conditions. We investigated its mode of action and provide evidence that NH 4 + confers resistance by priming abscisic acid and polyamines, just as enhancing H 2 O 2 and proline basal content. Moreover it observed a diminished Cl -uptake as well as an enhanced PHGPx expression after salt stress. Control and N-NH 4 + plants have shown optimal growth, however it was observed that N-NH 4 + plants have displayed greater dry weight and total lateral roots than control plants, but that differences are not seen for primary roots length. Our results reveal that N-NH 4 + treatment induces a similar phenotypical response to the recent stress-induced morphogenetic response (SIMRs). The hypothesis is that N-NH 4 + treatment triggers mild chronic stress in citrange Carrizo plants, which might explain the SIMR observed. Moreover, we observed modulators of stress signaling, such as H 2 O 2 in N-NH 4 + plants, which could acts as an intermediary between stress and the development of the SIMR phenotype. This observation suggests that NH 4 + treatments induce a mild stress condition that primes the citrange Carrizo defense response by stress imprinting and confers protection against a subsequent salt stress.
“…Cold-induced accumulation of chitinase has been observed in barley (Tronsmo et al, 1993) and bermudagrass (Gatschet et al, 1996). Moreover, low temperature has been shown to increase accumulation of three mRNAs in potato that correspond to transcripts of cDNAs encoding osmotin-like proteins (Zhu et al, 1995). These proteins are also known as PR-5 proteins and are similar to TLPs (Zhu et al, 1995).…”
mentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Moreover, low temperature has been shown to increase accumulation of three mRNAs in potato that correspond to transcripts of cDNAs encoding osmotin-like proteins (Zhu et al, 1995). These proteins are also known as PR-5 proteins and are similar to TLPs (Zhu et al, 1995). Although a 67-kD AFP was purified recently from the bittersweet nightshade Solanum dulcamara, this protein showed no similarity to other proteins (Duman, 1994).…”
During cold acclimation, antifreeze proteins (AFPs) that are similar to pathogenesis-related proteins accumulate in the apoplast of winter rye (Secale cereale L. cv Musketeer) leaves. AFPs have the ability to modify the growth of ice. To elucidate the role of AFPs in the freezing process, they were assayed and immunolocalized in winter rye leaves, crowns, and roots. Each of the total soluble protein extracts from cold-acclimated rye leaves, crowns, and roots exhibited antifreeze activity, whereas no antifreeze activity was observed in extracts from nonacclimated rye plants. Antibodies raised against three apoplastic rye AFPs, corresponding to a glucanase-like protein (CLP, 32 kD), a chitinase-like protein (CLP, 35 kD), and a thaumatin-like protein (TLP, 25 kD), were used in tissue printing to show that the AFPs are localized in the epidermis and in cells surrounding intercellular spaces in cold-acclimated plants. Although GLPs, CLPs, and TLPs were present in nonacclimated plants, they were found in different locations and did not exhibit antifreeze activity, which suggests that different isoforms of pathogenesis-related proteins are' produced at low temperature. The location of rye AFPs may prevent secondary nucleation of cells by epiphytic ice or by ice propagating through the xylem. l h e distributions of pathogenesis-induced and cold-accumulated CLPs, CLPs, and TLPs are similar and may reflect the common pathways by which both pathogens and ice enter and propagate through plant tissues.
“…Among stress proteins are osmotin and osmotin-like proteins that have also been classified as members of plant PR type-5 proteins (Singh et al, 1989;BOI et al, 1990;Zhu et al, 1993Zhu et al, , 1995. It has been demonstrated that tobacco osmotin gene expression is activated by ABA, NaC1, wounding, vira1 infection, and ethylene (LaRosa et al, 1992;Nelson et al, 1992).…”
~Osmotin-like proteins are encoded by at least six members of a multigene family in Solanum commersonii. A genomic clone (ApCEM2a-7) that contains two osmotin-like protein genes (OSML13 and OSML81) arranged in the same transcriptional orientation has been isolated. Restriction mapping and sequence analysis indicated that the two intronless genes correspond to the previously characterized pA13 and pA81 cDNAs. To study the transcriptional activation of OSMLl3 and OSML8l promoters, the 5' flanking DNA sequence (-1078 to +35 of OSML13 and -1054 to +41 of OSML81) was fused to the p-glucuronidase (CUS) coding region, and the chimeric gene fusions were introduced into wild potato (S. commersonii) plants via Agrobacferiummediated transformation. Analysis of the chimeric gene expression in transgenic potato plants showed that both 5' flanking DNA sequences are sufficient to impart CUS inducibility by abscisic acid, NaCI, salicylic acid, wounding, and fungal infection. Low temperature activated both chimeric genes only slightly. lnfection with Phyfophthora infestam resulted in strong CUS expression from both chimeric genes primarily i n the sites of pathogen invasion, suggesting a limited diffusion of fungal infection-mediated signals. The expression patterns of both osmotin-like protein genes implicate their dual functions in osmotic stress and plant pathogen defense.
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