Expression of the Tyrosine Hydroxylase Gene from Rat Leads to Oxidative Stress in Potato Plants

Abstract

Catecholamines are biogenic aromatic amines common among both animals and plants. In animals, they are synthesized via tyrosine hydroxylation, while both hydroxylation or decarboxylation of tyrosine are possible in plants, depending on the species, though no tyrosine hydroxylase—a counterpart of the animal enzyme—has been identified yet. It is known that in potato plants, it is the decarboxylation of tyrosine that leads to catecholamine production. In this paper, we present the effects of the induction of an alternative route of catecholamine production by introducing the tyrosine hydroxylase gene from rat. We demonstrate that an animal system can be used by the plant. However, it does not function to synthesize catecholamines. Instead, it leads to elevated reactive oxygen species content and a constant stress condition in the plant, which responds with elevated antioxidant levels and improved resistance to infection.

Integrated Microbiome–Metabolome Analysis Reveals Stage-Dependent Alterations in Bacterial Degradation of Aromatics in Leptinotarsa decemlineata

“…Potato plants contain many aromatics, where some exert noxious effects when accumulated to high concentrations within insect bodies (Gandia-Herrero and Garcia-Carmona, 2013 ; Kostyn et al, 2020 ). In this survey, we discovered that only 6 and 7 aromatics were accumulated in the larvae and adults, respectively, in contrast to 42 cumulated aromatics in the pupae ( Tables 1 , 2 ).…”

“…These monoaromatics can be used to biosynthesize structurally complex substances. For instance, catecholamines, derived from tyrosine and phenylalanine, can be used to produce betalains, alkaloids, melanins, and hydroxycinnamic acid amides (Gandia-Herrero and Garcia-Carmona, 2013 ; Kostyn et al, 2020 ). To improve soil quality and increase crop yield, the plant residues, such as straws and stubbles after harvest, organic fertilizers, for example, manure and human excreta, and other organic landfills, are often applied to agricultural fields.…”

“…Some aromatics are toxic, antinutritive, or/and repellent at high concentrations (Ceja-Navarro et al, 2015 ; Hammer and Bowers, 2015 ; Vilanova et al, 2016 ; Berasategui et al, 2017 ). Specifically, catecholamines are toxic and can pose a threat to cellular components (Kostyn et al, 2020 ). Moreover, quinones can lead to the formation of quinoprotein by a reaction between dopaquinone and the sulfhydryl groups of proteins and cause negative effects such as enzyme deactivation, mitochondrial dysfunction, DNA fragmentation, and apoptosis (Mushtaq et al, 2013 ; Kostyn et al, 2020 ).…”

“…Specifically, catecholamines are toxic and can pose a threat to cellular components (Kostyn et al, 2020 ). Moreover, quinones can lead to the formation of quinoprotein by a reaction between dopaquinone and the sulfhydryl groups of proteins and cause negative effects such as enzyme deactivation, mitochondrial dysfunction, DNA fragmentation, and apoptosis (Mushtaq et al, 2013 ; Kostyn et al, 2020 ). Furthermore, dopa may be incorporated into proteins via mimicking tyrosine or phenylalanine in the respective tRNA synthesis (Rodgers and Shiozawa, 2008 ), or serves as a deterrent to herbivores (Fürstenberg-Hägg et al, 2013 ; Kostyn et al, 2020 ).…”

Improving the Growth and Bioactive Compound Production of Selected Plant Species Using Controlled Genetic and Epigenetic Manipulation

“…In addition, these studies suggest that increases in the catecholamine content of GM plants is likely a direct result of 14-3-3 protein mediated upregulation of endogenous tyrosine decarboxylase. is led to further analysis of the catecholamine biosynthesis pathway via several different approaches, including exogenous (from parsley) tyrosine decarboxylase or dopamine receptor (human) expression, which in turn revealed that these compounds are likely to serve the same biochemical functions in plant and humans, i.e., regulating glucose-starch balance and facilitating the stress response in potato plants (Kostyn et al, 2020;Skirycz et al, 2005;Świędrych et al, 2004).…”