Expression of the gap junction protein connexin36 in small intensely fluorescent (SIF) cells in cardiac parasympathetic ganglia of rodents

Singhal, P.; Sénécal, Jacques; Nagy, J.I.

doi:10.1016/j.neulet.2022.136989

Cited by 5 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 53 publications

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“…Hypotheses of SIF cells as interneurons and paraneurons were suggested long ago (Chiba et al, 1977) and are still supported (Yokoyama et al, 2022). Furthermore, endocrine function of SIF cells was described as well (Singhal et al, 2023). Morphological similarity of the SIF cells to the carotid body type I cells (Atanasova et al, 2011) and intense immunoreactivity for Ca/calmodulin‐dependent protein kinase identified in the SIF cells of the rat superior cervical ganglion suggest that some SIF cells play chemoreceptive roles in the same way as the carotid body chief cells (Hoshi et al, 2006).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Neurochemical alterations of intrinsic cardiac ganglionated nerve plexus caused by arterial hypertension developed during ageing in spontaneously hypertensive and Wistar Kyoto rats

et al. 2023

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The acknowledged hypothesis of the cause of arterial hypertension is the emerging disbalance in sympathetic and parasympathetic regulations of the cardiovascular system. This disbalance manifests in a disorder of sustainability of endogenous autonomic and sensory neural substances including calcitonin gene‐related peptide (CGRP). This study aimed to examine neurochemical alterations of intrinsic cardiac ganglionated nerve plexus (GP) triggered by arterial hypertension during ageing in spontaneously hypertensive rats of juvenile (prehypertensive, 8–9 weeks), adult (early hypertensive, 12–18 weeks) and elderly (persistent hypertensive, 46–60 weeks) age in comparison with the age‐matched Wistar–Kyoto rats as controls. Parasympathetic, sympathetic and sensory neural structures of GP were analysed and evaluated morphometrically in tissue sections and whole‐mount cardiac preparations. Both the elevated blood pressure and the evident ultrasonic signs of heart failure were identified for spontaneously hypertensive rats and in part for the aged control rats. The amount of adrenergic and immunoreactive to CGRP neural structures was increased in the adult group of spontaneously hypertensive rats along with the significant alterations that occurred during ageing. In conclusion, the revealed chemical alterations of GP support the hypothesis about the possible disbalance of efferent and afferent heart innervation and may be considered as the basis for the emergence and progression of arterial hypertension and perhaps even as a consequence of hypertension in the aged spontaneously hypertensive rats. The determined anatomical changes in the ageing Wistar–Kyoto rats suggest this breed being as inappropriate for its use as control animals for hypertension studies in older animal age.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Neurochemical alterations of intrinsic cardiac ganglionated nerve plexus caused by arterial hypertension developed during ageing in spontaneously hypertensive and Wistar Kyoto rats

et al. 2023

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“…One of our Authors remains sceptical about the theory of vagal innervation of SIF cells, as this is in sharp contrast to what seen in analogue cells of the adrenal medullas. Although in rare cases nitrergic axons are adjacent to SIF cells, Pauza has not identified parasympathetic (cholinergic) nerve fibres in close vicinity to cardiac SIF cells across many animals such as rats, mice, guinea-pigs, rabbits, pigs, sheep and humans [59] (Figure 14). Schematic representations of the two hypotheses are provided in Figures 13 and 14.…”

Section: Light-heartedlymentioning

confidence: 99%

From Psychostasis to the Discovery of Cardiac Nerves: the Ori-gins of the Modern Cardiac Neuromodulation Concept

Paradiso,

Pauza,

Limbaeck

et al. 2024

Preprint

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In ancient Egyptian religion, psychostasis was the ceremony in which the deceased was judged before gaining access to the afterlife. This ritual was also known as the "weighing of the heart" or "weighing of the soul." The Egyptians believed that the heart, not the brain, was the seat of human wisdom, emotions, and memory. They were the first to recognize the cardiocentric nature of the body, identifying the heart as the center of the circulatory system. Aristotle (fourth century BC) considered the importance of the heart in human physiology in his philosophical analyses. For Galen (third century AD), the heart muscle was the site of the vital spirit, which regulated body temperature. Cardiology knowledge advanced significantly in the 15th century, coinciding with Leonardo da Vinci and Vesalius's pioneering anatomical and physiological studies. It was William Harvey, in the 17th century, who introduced the concept of cardiac circulation. Servet's research and Marcello Malpighi's discovery of arterioles and capillaries provided a more detailed understanding of circulation. Richard Lower emerged as the foremost pioneer of experimental cardiology in the late 17th century. He demonstrated the heart's neural control by tying off the vagus nerve. In 1753, Albrecht von Haller, a professor at Göttingen, was the first to discover the heart's automaticity and the excitation of muscle fibers. Towards the end of the 18th century, Antonio Scarpa challenged the theories of Albrecht von Haller and Johann Bernhard Jacob Behrends, who maintained that the myocardium possessed its own "irritability," on which the heartbeat depended and was independent of neuronal sensitivity. Instead, Scarpa argued that the heart required innervation to maintain life, refuting Galenic notions. In contemporary times, the study of cardiac innervation has regained prominence, particularly in understanding the post-acute sequelae of SARS-CoV-2 infection (PASC), which frequently involves cardiorespiratory symptoms and dysregulation of the intrinsic cardiac innervation. Recently, it has been recognized that post-acute sequelae of ARIs (acute respiratory infections) due to other pathogens can also be a cause of long-term vegetative and somatic symptoms. Understanding cardiac innervation and modulation can help to recognize and treat long COVID and long non-COVID-19 ARIs.

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“…SIF cells have extensive vagal innervation in the cardiac ganglia, and their fluorescent activity is confined to vesicles carrying catecholaminergic neurotransmitters. Therefore, the discharge of catecholamines from these vesicles may be the cause of the paradoxical vagally mediated tachycardia [70,[103][104][105][106] (Figure 13). One of our authors remains skeptical about the theory of vagal innervation of SIF cells, as this is in sharp contrast to what is seen in analogue cells of the adrenal medullas.…”

Section: Light-heartedlymentioning

confidence: 99%

From Psychostasis to the Discovery of Cardiac Nerves: The Origins of the Modern Cardiac Neuromodulation Concept

Paradiso,

Pauza,

Limback

et al. 2024

Biology

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This review explores the historical development of cardiology knowledge, from ancient Egyptian psychostasis to the modern comprehension of cardiac neuromodulation. In ancient Egyptian religion, psychostasis was the ceremony in which the deceased was judged before gaining access to the afterlife. This ritual was also known as the “weighing of the heart” or “weighing of the soul”. The Egyptians believed that the heart, not the brain, was the seat of human wisdom, emotions, and memory. They were the first to recognize the cardiocentric nature of the body, identifying the heart as the center of the circulatory system. Aristotle (fourth century BC) considered the importance of the heart in human physiology in his philosophical analyses. For Galen (third century AD), the heart muscle was the site of the vital spirit, which regulated body temperature. Cardiology knowledge advanced significantly in the 15th century, coinciding with Leonardo da Vinci and Vesalius’s pioneering anatomical and physiological studies. It was William Harvey, in the 17th century, who introduced the concept of cardiac circulation. Servet’s research and Marcello Malpighi’s discovery of arterioles and capillaries provided a more detailed understanding of circulation. Richard Lower emerged as the foremost pioneer of experimental cardiology in the late 17th century. He demonstrated the heart’s neural control by tying off the vagus nerve. In 1753, Albrecht von Haller, a professor at Göttingen, was the first to discover the heart’s automaticity and the excitation of muscle fibers. Towards the end of the 18th century, Antonio Scarpa challenged the theories of Albrecht von Haller and Johann Bernhard Jacob Behrends, who maintained that the myocardium possessed its own “irritability”, on which the heartbeat depended, and was independent of neuronal sensitivity. Instead, Scarpa argued that the heart required innervation to maintain life, refuting Galenic notions. In contemporary times, the study of cardiac innervation has regained prominence, particularly in understanding the post-acute sequelae of SARS-CoV-2 (Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2) infection (PASC), which frequently involves cardiorespiratory symptoms and dysregulation of the intrinsic cardiac innervation. Recently, it has been recognized that post-acute sequelae of acute respiratory infections (ARIs) due to other pathogens can also be a cause of long-term vegetative and somatic symptoms. Understanding cardiac innervation and modulation can help to recognize and treat long COVID and long non-COVID-19 (coronavirus disease 2019) ARIs. This analysis explores the historical foundations of cardiac neuromodulation and its contemporary relevance. By focusing on this concept, we aim to bridge the gap between historical understanding and modern applications. This will illuminate the complex interplay between cardiac function, neural modulation, cardiovascular health, and disease management in the context of long-term cardiorespiratory symptoms and dysregulation of intrinsic cardiac innervations.

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Expression of the gap junction protein connexin36 in small intensely fluorescent (SIF) cells in cardiac parasympathetic ganglia of rodents

Cited by 5 publications

References 53 publications

Neurochemical alterations of intrinsic cardiac ganglionated nerve plexus caused by arterial hypertension developed during ageing in spontaneously hypertensive and Wistar Kyoto rats

Neurochemical alterations of intrinsic cardiac ganglionated nerve plexus caused by arterial hypertension developed during ageing in spontaneously hypertensive and Wistar Kyoto rats

From Psychostasis to the Discovery of Cardiac Nerves: the Ori-gins of the Modern Cardiac Neuromodulation Concept

From Psychostasis to the Discovery of Cardiac Nerves: The Origins of the Modern Cardiac Neuromodulation Concept

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