Expression of TGFβ3 RNA during chick embryogenesis: a possible important role in cardiovascular development

Yamagishi, Toshiyuki; Nakajima, Yuji; Nakamura, Hiroaki

doi:10.1007/s004419900073

Cited by 28 publications

(22 citation statements)

References 54 publications

(48 reference statements)

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“…We identified the potential of exogenous TGF-b3 to induce L3/Lhx8 gene expression on the grafted maxillary mesenchyme in the absence of the overlaying epithelium. Since a low expression level of the TGF-b3 gene has been detected in chick facial mesenchyme (Yamagishi et al 1999), TGF-b3 may directly regulate L3/Lhx8 in the development of chick maxilla. There is a possibility that other family members, such as TGF-b1 or TGF-b2, might be responsible for the expression of L3/Lhx8.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Expression and regulation of the LIM homeodomain gene L3/Lhx8 suggests a role in upper lip development of the chick embryo

et al. 2006

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LIM-homeodomain (Lhx) genes constitute a gene family that plays critical roles in the control of pattern formation and cell type specification. We have identified a chicken L3/Lhx8 gene, which was widely expressed in the craniofacial region. Whole-mount in situ hybridization showed that L3/Lhx8 mRNA was expressed from stage 15--31 HH in overlapping domains of the maxillary process. Frozen sections revealed these signals in the mesenchyme underneath the epithelium. To determine whether the expression of L3/Lhx8 in the maxillary primordia required signals from the overlying oral epithelium, maxillary processes of stage 23 HH chick embryos were transplanted into the limb bud, in which the mesenchyme was grown in the presence or absence of oral epithelium. The maxillary mesenchyme with epithelium showed significant levels of L3/Lhx8 gene expression. In contrast, no expression of L3/Lhx8 was detected in the epithelium-free mesenchyme. To further explore signaling molecule(s) responsible for Lhx induction, a bead, soaked in either Fgf-8b or TGF-beta3, was implanted into an epithelium-free mesenchymal graft. Both TGF-beta3 and Fgf-8b beads induced expressions of L3/Lhx8 in epithelium-free mesenchymal grafts. Our data suggest that the L3/Lhx8 gene contributes to epithelial mesenchymal interaction in facial morphogenesis and that Fgf-8b and TGF-beta3 were, at least in part, responsible for the Lhx expression in the maxillary process.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Expression and regulation of the LIM homeodomain gene L3/Lhx8 suggests a role in upper lip development of the chick embryo

et al. 2006

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“…Actually, the myocardial synthesis of fibronectin seems to precede the arrival of the epicardial cells to the myocardium (Ká lmá n et al, 1995) and may play a role in directing epicardial migration. The subepicardium also accumulates growth factors such as fibroblast growth factor (FGF) and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) (Tomanek et al, 1998(Tomanek et al, , 1999(Tomanek et al, , 2002Zheng et al, 2001) and is likely to retain other myocardially secreted growth factors like hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) (Rappolee et al, 1996;Song et al, 1999), transforming growth factors (TGF␤s), and bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs) (Yamagishi et al, 1999;Nakajima et al, 2000). The release of these factors appears to be partially controlled by the interactions with the matrix.…”

Section: The Subepicardial Extracellular Environmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

The epicardium and epicardially derived cells (EPDCs) as cardiac stem cells

2003

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After its initial formation the epicardium forms the outermost cell layer of the heart. As a result of an epithelial-to-mesenchymal transformation (EMT) individual cells delaminate from this primitive epicardial epithelium and migrate into the subepicardial space (Pérez-Pomares et al., Dev Dyn 1997; 210: 96 -105; Histochem J 1998a;30:627-634 Dev. Biol. 2002b;247:307-326). A subset of EPDCs continue to differentiate in a variety of different cell types (including coronary endothelium, coronary smooth muscle cells (CoSMCs), interstitial fibroblasts, and atrioventricular cushion mesenchymal cells), whereas other EPDCs remain in a more or less undifferentiated state. Based on its specific characteristics, we consider the EPDC as the ultimate 'cardiac stem cell'. In this review we briefly summarize what is known about events that relate to EPDC development and differentiation while at the same time identifying some of the directions where EPDCrelated research might lead us in the near future. Anat Rec Part A 276A: 43-57, 2004.

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“…In general, only weak Tgf␤3 signal has been found in the cardiovascular system (Millan et al, 1991;Pelton et al, 1991) or was only depicted but not described (Pelton et al, 1990;Gatherer et al, 1990;Schmid et al, 1991). On the other hand, the chicken expresses Tgf␤3 in the myocardium before epithelialmesenchymal transformation, as well as in the newly formed mesenchyme (Nakajima et al, 1998(Nakajima et al, , 2000Yamagishi et al, 1999).…”

Section: Myocardiummentioning

confidence: 99%

Expression patterns of Tgfβ1–3 associate with myocardialisation of the outflow tract and the development of the epicardium and the fibrous heart skeleton

Molin

Bartram

Heiden

et al. 2003

Developmental Dynamics

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Transforming growth factor-beta (Tgf␤) is essential for normal embryogenesis. The cardiac phenotypes obtained after knockout of each of the three mammalian isoforms suggest different roles during morphogenesis. We studied cardiovascular expression of Tgf␤1-3 in parallel tissue sections of normal mouse embryos from 9.5 to 15.5 days post coitum (dpc) by using radioactive in situ hybridisation. The Tgf␤ isoforms are differentially expressed in unique and in overlapping patterns during cardiovascular development. In the vessels, Tgf␤1 is found in the intima, whereas Tgf␤2 and -␤3 are mainly present in the media and adventitia of the great arteries. Tgf␤1 is present in the endocardium at all stages examined. The Tgf␤2 signal in the endocardium of the atrioventricular canal and outflow tract (9.5 dpc) shifts during epithelial-mesenchymal transformation toward the mesenchymal cushions (10.5-11.5 dpc) after which it exhibits a marked spatiotemporal expression pattern as the cushion differentiation progresses (11.5-15.5 dpc). The myocardium underlying the endocardial cushions and the atrial muscular septum are intensely positive for Tgf␤2 at early stages (9.5-11.5 dpc) and expression decreases at 12.5 days. In contrast to earlier reports, we find marked overlap of Tgf␤2 and -␤3 expression. Tgf␤3 expression shows a characteristic distribution in the mesenchymal cushions, suggesting a role in cushion differentiation, possibly additional to Tgf␤2. From 14.5 dpc onward, a strong Tgf␤3 signal is found in the fibrous septum primum of the atrium and in the fibrous skeleton of the heart. Special attention was paid to the proepicardial organ and its derivatives. The proepicardial organ strongly expresses Tgf␤2 as early as 9.5 days, and all isoforms are present in the epicardium from 12.5 dpc onward. The spatiotemporal cardiovascular expression of Tgf␤1-3 supports both specific and complementary functions during cardiovascular development that might explain functional redundancy between the Tgf␤-isoforms. The information provided favors novel roles of Tgf␤1-3 in epicardial development, of Tgf␤2 in myocardialisation, and of Tgf␤3 in differentiation of the fibrous structures of the heart. Developmental Dynamics 227: 431-444, 2003.

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Expression of TGFβ3 RNA during chick embryogenesis: a possible important role in cardiovascular development

Cited by 28 publications

References 54 publications

Expression and regulation of the LIM homeodomain gene L3/Lhx8 suggests a role in upper lip development of the chick embryo

Expression and regulation of the LIM homeodomain gene L3/Lhx8 suggests a role in upper lip development of the chick embryo

The epicardium and epicardially derived cells (EPDCs) as cardiac stem cells

Expression patterns of Tgfβ1–3 associate with myocardialisation of the outflow tract and the development of the epicardium and the fibrous heart skeleton

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