Expression of Sprouty genes 1 , 2 and 4 during mouse organogenesis

Abstract

We demonstrate that Sprouty genes 1, 2 and 4 are expressed in several developing organs of the craniofacial area and trunk, including the brain, cochlea, nasal organs, teeth, salivary gland, lungs, digestive tract, kidneys and limb buds. In organs such as the semicircular canal, Rathke's pouch, nasal organs, the follicle of vibrissae and teeth, Sprouty1 and Sprouty2 are expressed in the epithelium and Sprouty4 in the mesenchyme or neuronal tissue, while in the lung Sprouties1, 2 and 4 are all expressed mainly in the epithelial tissue. In the kidney, Sprouty1 is prominent in the ureteric bud whereas Sprouty2 and 4 are expressed in both the ureteric bud and the kidney mesenchyme and glomeruli deriving from it. The expression profiles suggest roles for these Sprouties in the epithelial-mesenchymal interactions that govern organogenesis.

Sef and Sprouty expression in the developing ocular lens: Implications for regulating lens cell proliferation and differentiation

“…Lung tissue, which is known to express Sef and Sprouty genes [21,28] was also collected for use as a positive control. Total RNA was extracted from each tissue type using TRI Reagent ® (Molecular Research Center, OH, USA) as per the manufacturer's instructions.…”

“…Spry proteins are widely conserved, with up to four members identified in mammals (Spry1-4) [19], and are expressed in highly restricted patterns that correlate with known sites of FGF signalling [20,21]. Spry is recognized in many physiological and developmental processes as an antagonist of RTK signalling pathways, with its overexpression mimicking the functional loss of RTKs, including those activated by FGF [22].…”

“…Also similar to Spry, overexpression of Sef can inhibit FGF signalling, and impaired Sef expression leads to overstimulation of FGF signalling [17]. The co-expression of Spry and Sef with known sites of RTK signalling during embryogenesis [21] lends credence to the important role they have in cell fate specification; a close spatial and temporal interdependence between RTK signalling (e.g. FGF signalling) and Spry and Sef gene expression has been seen in many mammalian tissues, including brain, muscle, gut, heart and lung [20,21,27,28].…”

“…The co-expression of Spry and Sef with known sites of RTK signalling during embryogenesis [21] lends credence to the important role they have in cell fate specification; a close spatial and temporal interdependence between RTK signalling (e.g. FGF signalling) and Spry and Sef gene expression has been seen in many mammalian tissues, including brain, muscle, gut, heart and lung [20,21,27,28]. As a means of providing tight autoregulation, the expression of these inhibitors are induced by the pathway they antagonize; Spry and Sef have been shown to be positively regulated by FGF, more specifically FGF-induced ERK1/2 signalling [18,22,26,29].…”

Sprouty2 inhibits BDNF-induced signaling and modulates neuronal differentiation and survival

“…8,9 So far, the contribution of spry genes to neuronal differentiation or survival has not been explored in mammals, although they exhibit a strikingly localized expression pattern in the developing brain. 15,16 In view of the essential function of growth factors and neurotrophins in neuronal differentiation and survival through their activation of RTK signaling, we investigated the possible role of Spry2, a prototypical member of the Spry family, in neurons of the CNS.…”