Expression of soluble triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells‐1 in childhood CF and non‐CF bronchiectasis

Masekela, Refiloe; Boeck, K. De; Vreys, M.; Steel, Helen C.; Olurunju, S.; Green, R.J.

doi:10.1002/ppul.23121

Cited by 15 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 24 publications

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“…Moreover, it was demonstrated that sTREM-1 levels were significantly higher in neonates with sepsis than in healthy controls [24]. Finally, in children with bronchiectasis, sTREM-1 sputum levels correlated with markers of neutrophilic inflammation but not necessarily with CRP concentrations, suggesting that sTREM-1 may be more sensitive in detecting pulmonary neutrophilic inflammation than CRP [25]. However, other studies have reported results similar to those found by our study.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 81%

Sensitivity and Specificity of Soluble Triggering Receptor Expressed on Myeloid Cells-1, Midregional Proatrial Natriuretic Peptide and Midregional Proadrenomedullin for Distinguishing Etiology and to Assess Severity in Community-Acquired Pneumonia

et al. 2016

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Study DesignThis study aimed to evaluate the diagnostic accuracy of soluble triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells-1 (sTREM-1), midregional proatrial natriuretic peptide (MR-proANP) and midregional proadrenomedullin (MR-proADM) to distinguish bacterial from viral community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) and to identify severe cases in children hospitalized for radiologically confirmed CAP. Index test results were compared with those derived from routine diagnostic tests, i.e., white blood cell (WBC) counts, neutrophil percentages, and serum C-reactive protein (CRP) and procalcitonin (PCT) levels.MethodsThis prospective, multicenter study was carried out in the most important children’s hospitals (n = 11) in Italy and 433 otherwise healthy children hospitalized for radiologically confirmed CAP were enrolled. Among cases for whom etiology could be determined, CAP was ascribed to bacteria in 235 (54.3%) children and to one or more viruses in 111 (25.6%) children. A total of 312 (72.2%) children had severe disease.ResultsCRP and PCT had the best performances for both bacterial and viral CAP identification. The cut-off values with the highest combined sensitivity and specificity for the identification of bacterial and viral infections using CRP were ≥7.98 mg/L and ≤7.5 mg/L, respectively. When PCT was considered, the cut-off values with the highest combined sensitivity and specificity were ≥0.188 ng/mL for bacterial CAP and ≤0.07 ng/mL for viral CAP. For the identification of severe cases, the best results were obtained with evaluations of PCT and MR-proANP. However, in both cases, the biomarker cut-off with the highest combined sensitivity and specificity (≥0.093 ng/mL for PCT and ≥33.8 pmol/L for proANP) had a relatively good sensitivity (higher than 70%) but a limited specificity (of approximately 55%).ConclusionsThis study indicates that in children with CAP, sTREM-1, MR-proANP, and MR-proADM blood levels have poor abilities to differentiate bacterial from viral diseases or to identify severe cases, highlighting that PCT maintains the main role at this regard.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 81%

Sensitivity and Specificity of Soluble Triggering Receptor Expressed on Myeloid Cells-1, Midregional Proatrial Natriuretic Peptide and Midregional Proadrenomedullin for Distinguishing Etiology and to Assess Severity in Community-Acquired Pneumonia

et al. 2016

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“…The upregulation in adults with bronchiectasis of innate immune mechanism responsible for recognizing pathogens is well documented and includes Toll‐like receptors (TLRs) and lectin‐like molecules, such as surfactant protein‐A (SP‐A) . The pulmonary innate immune functions are also upregulated in human immunodeficiency virus‐associated bronchiectasis, as the levels of soluble triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells‐1 (sTREM‐1) are raised and correlate with the accompanying airway neutrophilic inflammation . Mannose‐binding lectin (MBL) and fecolin are complement activating proteins, which may also have a pathogenic role in bronchiectasis, acting as chemotactic stimuli, attracting neutrophils to the site of infection.…”

Section: Etiology and Pathogenesismentioning

confidence: 99%

Pediatric bronchiectasis: No longer an orphan disease

Goyal

Grimwood

Marchant

et al. 2016

Pediatric Pulmonology

130

138

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Bronchiectasis is described classically as a chronic pulmonary disorder characterized by a persistent productive cough and irreversible dilatation of one or more bronchi. However, in children unable to expectorate, cough may instead be wet and intermittent and bronchial dilatation reversible in the early stages. Although still considered an orphan disease, it is being recognized increasingly as causing significant morbidity and mortality in children and adults in both affluent and developing countries. While bronchiectasis has multiple etiologies, the final common pathway involves a complex interplay between the host, respiratory pathogens and environmental factors. These interactions lead to a vicious cycle of repeated infections, airway inflammation and tissue remodelling resulting in impaired airway clearance, destruction of structural elements within the bronchial wall causing them to become dilated and small airway obstruction. In this review, the current knowledge of the epidemiology, pathobiology, clinical features, and management of bronchiectasis in children are summarized. Recent evidence has emerged to improve our understanding of this heterogeneous disease including the role of viruses, and how antibiotics, novel drugs, antiviral agents, and vaccines might be used. Importantly, the management is no longer dependent upon extrapolating from the cystic fibrosis experience. Nevertheless, substantial information gaps remain in determining the underlying disease mechanisms that initiate and sustain the pathophysiological pathways leading to bronchiectasis. National and international collaborations, standardizing definitions of clinical and research end points, and exploring novel primary prevention strategies are needed if further progress is to be made in understanding, treating and even preventing this often life-limiting disease.

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“…HIV is associated with an increased risk of tuberculosis, and recurrent viral and bacterial pulmonary infections [7**,17,23,24,25*,26]. However, some data suggest that HIV predisposes to bronchiectasis independently of infection, likely due to HIV-mediated defects in innate immunity and accompanying airway neutrophilic inflammation [17,21*,22*,27]. Bronchiectasis in adolescents can also occur as a late complication of lymphocytic interstitial pneumonitis (LIP) [24].…”

Section: Spectrum Of Chronic Lung Diseasementioning

confidence: 99%

Bronchiectasis and other chronic lung diseases in adolescents living with HIV

Attia

Miller

Ferrand

2017

Current Opinion in Infectious Diseases

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Purpose of review The incidence of pulmonary infections has declined dramatically with improved access to antiretroviral therapy (ART) and co-trimoxazole prophylaxis, but chronic lung disease (CLD) is an increasingly recognized but poorly understood complication in adolescents with perinatally-acquired HIV. Recent findings There is a high prevalence of chronic respiratory symptoms, abnormal spirometry and chest radiographic abnormalities among HIV-infected adolescents in sub-Saharan Africa, where 90% of the world’s HIV-infected children live. The incidence of lymphocytic interstitial pneumonitis, the most common cause of CLD in the pre-ART era, has declined with increased ART access. Small airways disease, particularly constrictive obliterative bronchiolitis and bronchiectasis are emerging as leading causes of CLD among HIV-infected adolescents in low- and middle-income countries. Asthma may be more common in high-income settings. Likely risk factors for CLD include recurrent pulmonary infections, air pollution, HIV-related immune dysfunction and untreated HIV infection, particularly during critical stages of lung development. Summary Globally, the importance of HIV-associated CLD as a cause of morbidity and mortality is increasing, especially as survival has improved dramatically with ART and growing numbers of children living with HIV enter adolescence. Further research is urgently needed to elucidate the natural history and pathogenesis of CLD, and to determine optimal screening, diagnostic and treatment strategies.

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Expression of soluble triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells‐1 in childhood CF and non‐CF bronchiectasis

Cited by 15 publications

References 24 publications

Sensitivity and Specificity of Soluble Triggering Receptor Expressed on Myeloid Cells-1, Midregional Proatrial Natriuretic Peptide and Midregional Proadrenomedullin for Distinguishing Etiology and to Assess Severity in Community-Acquired Pneumonia

Sensitivity and Specificity of Soluble Triggering Receptor Expressed on Myeloid Cells-1, Midregional Proatrial Natriuretic Peptide and Midregional Proadrenomedullin for Distinguishing Etiology and to Assess Severity in Community-Acquired Pneumonia

Pediatric bronchiectasis: No longer an orphan disease

Bronchiectasis and other chronic lung diseases in adolescents living with HIV

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