Expression of prolactin receptor and response to prolactin stimulation of human NK cell lines

Sun, Rui; Li, Ai Ling; Wei, Hang; Tian, Zhi Gang

doi:10.1038/sj.cr.7290204

Cited by 41 publications

(33 citation statements)

References 26 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Unclassified

Order By: Relevance

“…Decidual stromal cells produce many products that inhibit the activity of invasive fetal proteins (30,31), and they produce molecules that signal to uNK cells, which are known to regulate placental invasion in humans among other functions (9)(10)(11)(12). Prolactin is one such product of decidual cells: it has been shown to increase proliferation of uNK cells and increase their cytotoxicity in vitro (6)(7)(8). It is therefore plausible that as interstitial invasion evolved in the stem lineage of apes, one maternal response was to up-regulate expression of prolactin.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The precise functions of decidual prolactin remain unclear, but in vitro it is known to cause the proliferation of and enhance the cytotoxicity of uterine natural killer (uNK) cells (6)(7)(8), immune cells that regulate fetal invasion into maternal tissues (9)(10)(11)(12). Prolactin protein concentrations from human decidua are much higher than those from rhesus monkeys, and human decidual tissue from early in pregnancy has a much higher capacity to release prolactin in vitro (13,14).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Transformation of a transposon into a derived prolactin promoter with function during human pregnancy

Emera

Wagner

2012

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Transposable elements (TEs) are known to provide DNA for host regulatory functions, but the mechanisms underlying the transformation of TEs into cis-regulatory elements are unclear. In humans two TEs-MER20 and MER39-contribute the enhancer/ promoter for decidual prolactin (dPRL), which is dramatically induced during pregnancy. We show that evolution of the strong human dPRL promoter was a multistep process that took millions of years. First, MER39 inserted near MER20 in the primate/rodent ancestor, and then there were two phases of activity enhancement in primates. Through the mapping of causal nucleotide substitutions, we demonstrate that strong promoter activity in apes involves epistasis between transcription factor binding sites (TFBSs) ancestral to MER39 and derived sites. We propose a mode of molecular evolution that describes the process by which MER20/MER39 was transformed into a strong promoter, called "epistatic capture." Epistatic capture is the stabilization of a TFBS that is ancestral but variable in outgroup lineages, and is fixed in the ingroup because of epistatic interactions with derived TFBSs. Finally, we note that evolution of human promoter activity coincides with the emergence of a unique reproductive character in apes, highly invasive placentation. Because prolactin communicates with immune cells during pregnancy, which regulate fetal invasion into maternal tissues, we speculate that ape dPRL promoter activity evolved in response to increased invasiveness of ape fetal tissue.cis-regulatory evolution | human evolution | human pregnancy I n the pursuit to understand mechanisms underlying the evolution of gene regulation, it has become increasingly clear that transposable elements play a critical role in regulatory evolution by providing novel genetic elements, including new introns, promoters, enhancers, and insulators (1). In addition to individual examples showing that transposable elements (TEs) are associated with host regulatory function, computational work shows that TEs intersect with many promoter regions (2) and are overrepresented in predicted regulatory regions [(3, 4); see review by Feschotte (1)]. Many questions remain unanswered. How frequently are TEs actually co-opted for regulatory function? What is the adaptive significance of these events? Are TEs used by the host genome immediately upon insertion or do they require extensive sequence evolution before acquiring a biological role? What are the molecular changes that transform a transposable element into a cisregulatory element?In this paper we address the latter two questions posed above by investigating evolution of the decidual prolactin promoter in primates. In a recent paper we showed that the prolactin gene was independently recruited into uterine expression in primates, mice, and elephants by the co-option of different transposable elements, highlighting the frequency at which TEs can be recruited and their importance in gene regulatory innovation (5). Here we trace the evolutionary history and function of transposabl...

show abstract

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Transformation of a transposon into a derived prolactin promoter with function during human pregnancy

Emera

Wagner

2012

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…[76][77][78] Conversely, prolactin, a 24 kDa single chain hormone secreted by the anterior pituitary gland, is an immunostimulatory "cytokine" 79,80 that directly affects NK cell function. 81 NK cell cytolytic activity decreases significantly during pregnancy and NK cytotoxic activity defect has been reported in pregnant women. 82,83 We measured NK cell cytotoxicity in peripheral venous blood samples obtained from pregnant Gabonese women at the time of delivery.…”

Section: Cortisol Prolactin and Susceptibility Of Pregnant Women To mentioning

confidence: 99%

Interactions Between Natural Killer Cells, Cortisol and Prolactin in Malaria During Pregnancy

Mavoungou¹

2006

Clinical Medicine & Research

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Natural killer cells derived from pluripotent hematopoietic stem cells are important cells of the immune system that have two main functions: a cytolytic activity and a cytokine-producing capacity. These functions are tightly regulated by numerous activating and inhibitory receptors, including newly discovered receptors that selectively trigger the cytolytic activity in a major histocompatibility complex independent manner. Based on their defining function of spontaneous cytotoxicity without prior immunization, natural killer (NK) cells have been thought to play a critical role in immune surveillance and cancer therapy. New insights into NK cell biology have suggested their major roles in the control of infections, particularly in Plasmodium falciparum infection and in fetal implantation. P. falciparum is the main protozoan parasite responsible for malaria causing 200-300 million clinical cases and killing over 3 million people each year. This review provides an update on NK cell function, ontogeny and biology in order to better understand the role of NK cells in pregnancy in regions where malaria is endemic. Understanding mechanisms of NK cell functions may lead to novel therapeutic strategies for the treatment of human disease, in general, and particularly in the fight against malaria.

show abstract

“…Increased prolactin level circulation plays an important role in the incidence of atherosclerosis (Medic-Stojanoska et al, 2015). According to Sun et al (2004) and Georgiopoulos et al (2009), hyperprolactinemia promotes prolactin receptors' overexpression within the walls of coronary arteries, with a capability of stimulating the adhesion of monocyte-macrophage system to vascular endothelial cells as well as the vascular smooth muscle cell's proliferation resulting in atherosclerosis. Medic-Stojanoska et al (2015) adds that clinical research has established that high level of serum LDL-C has a positive correlation with hyperprolactinemia.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Therapeutic Potential of Metformin and Vitex Agnus-Castus In Alleviating Cardiac Damage Induced By Hyperandrogenism In Polycystic Ovary Female Rats

2017

Aust. J. Basic & Appl. Sci.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

To Cite This Article: Widad M. Al-Bishri Therapeutic potential of metformin and Vitex agnus-castus in alleviating cardiac damage induced by hyperandrogenism in polycystic ovary female rats Aust. J. Basic & Appl. Sci., 11(14): [129][130][131][132][133][134][135][136][137][138] 2017 This research was aimed at exploring the profound therapeutic impacts of metformin (Met) and Vitex agnus-castus fruit (Vit) on cardiovascular risk factors, which includes dyslipidaemia, hyperhomocysteinemia and hyperleptinemia as well as hypoadiponectinemia. Others are hyperprolactinemia as well as DNA oxidative damage. These factors are generated by hyperandrogenism in Poly-Cystic Ovarian Syndrome (PCOS) female rats. The task involved inducing PCOS in rats using an oral ingestion of letrozole of 1mg/kg once a day for twenty-one days. Rats, which were induced with PCOS, were treated orally with either Met of 70 mg/kg single dose or Vit fruit amounting to 500mg/kg daily for 21 days after PCO induction. The findings indicate that giving rats induced with PCOS Met or Vit significantly ameliorated the increases in hyperandrogenism markers, including androstendione, Dehydroepiandrosterone Sulfate (DHEAS) and total testosterone as well as free testosterone in comparison with PCOS untreated ones. The two agents did modulation of the reduction in the content of serum of apolipoprotein (apo) A. Additionally; they elevated total lipid as well as apo B of rats with PCOS. Furthermore, the findings showed Met or Vit significantly ameliorating the serum hyperhomocysteinemia, hyperleptinemia, hypoadiponectinemia and hyperprolactinemia. There was also the increase in 8-hydroxydeoxyguanosine (8-OHdG) in PCOS rats, when compared to PCOS untreated rats. It became evident that Met and Vit could modulate the increases in the serum cardiac damage markers such as troponine T and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) as well as lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) in the PCOS induced rats. Finally, it became clear through the findings that treating PCOS rats using Vit could yield more efficient results in modulation of most the studied markers compared to Met. Conclusion: Met or Vit can be used to reduce cardiovascular risk. This is as a result of Met and Vit effective showing the ability that they can modulate cardiovascular risk elements in the PCOS induced rats utilised. However; Vit proved to be more potent than Met as far as this therapy went and this explained why Vit fruit is used in managing PCOS related cardiovascular events.

show abstract

Expression of prolactin receptor and response to prolactin stimulation of human NK cell lines

Cited by 41 publications

References 26 publications

Transformation of a transposon into a derived prolactin promoter with function during human pregnancy

Transformation of a transposon into a derived prolactin promoter with function during human pregnancy

Interactions Between Natural Killer Cells, Cortisol and Prolactin in Malaria During Pregnancy

Therapeutic Potential of Metformin and Vitex Agnus-Castus In Alleviating Cardiac Damage Induced By Hyperandrogenism In Polycystic Ovary Female Rats

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About