Expression of progesterone receptor is a favorable prognostic marker in ovarian cancer

Lee, Peng; Rosen, Daniel; Zhu, Changcheng; Silva, Elvio G.; Liu, Jinsong

doi:10.1016/j.ygyno.2004.11.010

Cited by 141 publications

(157 citation statements)

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“…This inconsistency could relate to tumor histology because in our study, ERa expression was significantly higher in serous than in nonserous tumors. This difference was also observed by Lee et al, who found that 85% of serous tumors had ERa expression compared with 54% of nonserous tumors in a group of 269 ovarian tumor samples (49). Fujimura et al also reported that ERa expression was absent in clear cell tumors, but was present in serous, endometrioid, and mucinous cells of ovarian cancer (50).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 53%

The relationship of insulin-like growth factor-II, insulin-like growth factor binding protein-3, and estrogen receptor-alpha expression to disease progression in epithelial ovarian cancer.

Katsaros

Wiley

et al. 2006

Clinical Cancer Research

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Purpose: The insulin-like growth factor (IGF) system plays important roles in cancer; blocking IGF signaling has been shown to have therapeutic effects on tumor growth. Many studies have focused on the effect of IGF-I, but few have addressed IGF-II.To assess the role of IGF-II in cancer, we analyzed IGF-II expression in ovarian cancer and examined its association with disease characteristics and prognosis. Experimental Design: Included in the study were 215 patients with primary epithelial ovarian cancer. Fresh tumor specimens were collected during surgery, and the patients were followed for a median of 31 months. Total RNA was extracted from the tumor and analyzed for IGF-II, IGF binding protein 3 (IGFBP-3), and estrogen receptor-a expressions using quantitative reverse transcription PCR. Survival analysis was done to examine the associations of IGF-II with disease progression. Results: IGF-II expression was found to be higher in tumors with poor prognosis; this included tumors with advanced stage, poor differentiation, serous histology, and large residual lesions. Patients with high IGF-II had elevated risk for disease progression and death, although the significance became less evident when the analysis was adjusted for clinical and pathologic variables. IGFBP-3 expression was higher in less aggressive tumors, but was not associated with disease progression. The expression of estrogen receptor-a had no effect on survival. Conclusion:This study found evidence that IGF-II expression is associated with disease progression, suggesting that IGF-II and IGF signaling are potential targets for ovarian cancer treatment. The study also indicates that IGF-II and IGFBP-3 have limited value in prognosis because of their strong associations with disease stage and tumor grade.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 53%

The relationship of insulin-like growth factor-II, insulin-like growth factor binding protein-3, and estrogen receptor-alpha expression to disease progression in epithelial ovarian cancer.

Katsaros

Wiley

et al. 2006

Clinical Cancer Research

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“…However, concerning the prognostic role the results were discordant. Several groups report a prognostic effect of progesterone receptor, but not of ER (Kommoss et al 1992, Münstedt et al 2000, Hornung et al 2004, Lee et al 2005. Some groups reported a positive prognostic effect of ER expression measured by immunohistochemistry (Isola et al 1990, Høgdall et al 2007, while other studies did not find any prognostic effect (Scambia et al 1995, Lu et al 2006.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Estrogen receptor 1 mRNA is a prognostic factor in ovarian carcinoma: determination by kinetic PCR in formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded tissue

Darb‐Esfahani

Wirtz

Sinn³

et al. 2009

Endocrine-Related Cancer

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Epidemiological and cell culture studies indicate that ovarian carcinoma growth is dependent on estrogen stimulation. However, possibly due to the lack of a reliable biomarker that helps to select patients according to prognostically relevant estrogen receptor (ER) levels, clinical trials using anti-estrogenic therapeutics in ovarian carcinoma have had inconsistent results. Therefore, we tested if ER expression analysis by a quantitative method might be useful in this regard in formalinfixed paraffin-embedded (FFPE) tissue. In a study group of 114 primary ovarian carcinomas expression of estrogen receptor 1 (ESR1) mRNA was analyzed using a new method for RNA extraction from FFPE tissue that is based on magnetic beads, followed by kinetic PCR. The prognostic impact of ESR1 mRNA expression was investigated and compared to ERa protein expression as determined by immunohistochemistry. In univariate survival analysis the expression level of ESR1 mRNA was a significant positive prognostic factor for patient survival (hazard ratio (HR) 0.230 (confidence interval (CI) 0.102-0.516), PZ0.002). ERa protein expression was correlated to ESR1 mRNA expression (PZ0.0001); however, ERa protein expression did not provide statistically significant prognostic information. In multivariate analysis, ESR1 mRNA expression emerged as a prognostic factor, independent of stage, grade, residual tumor mass, age, and ERa protein expression (HR 0.227 (CI 0.078-0.656), PZ0.006). Our results indicate that the determination of ESR1 levels by kinetic PCR may be superior to immunohistochemical methods in assessment of biologically relevant levels of ER expression in ovarian carcinoma, and is feasible in routinely used FFPE tissue.

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“…A potential increased risk of mucinous and serous tumours in women with twin girls, and an increased risk of endometrioid tumours in women with girls only, may thus be related to an adverse effect of oestrogens, acting either at early or later stages of carcinogenesis during pregnancy. Oestrogen receptors have been found both in endometrioid, serous and mucinous ovarian tumours (Risch, 1998;Gadducci et al, 2004;Auranen et al, 2005;Lee et al, 2005), and also in normal ovarian surface epithelial cells (Cunat et al, 2004;Auranen et al, 2005). The apparent reduced risk of endometrioid tumours in twin mothers, however, is more likely explained by other, possibly maternal factors (Risch, 1998).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Twin births, sex of children and maternal risk of ovarian cancer: a cohort study in Norway

et al. 2007

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In a follow-up of 1 208 001 women aged 20 -74 years, no significant association was found between twin births (112 cases) and risk, though those with twin girls had a non-significantly higher risk than those with singleton births; among the latter, those with girls only had a higher risk of endometrioid tumours (incidence rate ratio 1.35; 95% confidence interval 1.03 -1.76, based on 475 cases) than women with boys only. The protective effect of pregnancies on the risk of epithelial ovarian cancer is usually explained by their influence on lifetime number of ovulations (Risch, 1998). Women prone to have multiple births have a higher level of follicle-stimulating hormone (Bulmer, 1970;Corney et al, 1981;Risch, 1998) and may also ovulate more often (Allen, 1981), possibly leading to an increased risk (Risch, 1998;Lukanova and Kaaks, 2005). Certain maternal or pregnancy-related factors associated with twinning may however be related to a reduced risk (Risch, 1998) though only a slightly lower or similar risk has been reported in twin compared to singleton mothers (Wyshak et al, 1983;Olsen and Storm, 1998;Lambe et al, 1999;Whiteman et al, 2000;Titus-Ernstoff et al, 2001;Neale et al, 2004Neale et al, , 2005.Hormones may play a role in ovarian cancer carcinogenesis (Riman et al, 1998;Risch, 1998;Lukanova and Kaaks, 2005). Maternal hormone levels have been found to be higher in pregnancies involving twins (TambyRaya and Ratnam, 1981;Risch, 1998;Storgaard et al, 2006). The levels of oestrogens, androgens and human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) seem to differ by sex of the fetus in singleton gestations (Robinson et al, 1977;Forest et al, 1980;Haning et al, 1989;Cerhan et al, 2000;Luke et al, 2005). A different risk pattern according to sex of children may therefore throw light on alternative hormone-related hypotheses, but few studies have focused on this issue.We have examined associations between twin births, sex of children and the risk of ovarian cancer in a large cohort of parous Norwegian women. MATERIALS AND METHODSThe present study includes Norwegian women born in the period , as recorded in the national population register. The study population comprised 1 208 001 parous women, contributing a total of 27 634 403 person-years at risk in the age interval 20 -74 years during follow-up until 1st January, 2000. The mean follow-up time was 22.9 years, range 1 month -45 years. A total of 28 911 women had experienced a twin birth; 354 of these had two twin births and five had three. Women with higher plurality of a multiple birth (n ¼ 461) were excluded. Information on reproductive history (date of birth for each live born child) and cancer diagnoses was assessed through national registers.A total of 5606 women were diagnosed with ovarian cancer (ICD 7th Revision, code 175). Of these, 5204 (92.8%) were classified as invasive epithelial ovarian cancer, 291 (5.2%) as non-epithelial ovarian cancer, whereas 111 (2.0%) had no valid histological code. Borderline tumours were not considered. Separate analyses were performed for ...

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Expression of progesterone receptor is a favorable prognostic marker in ovarian cancer

Cited by 141 publications

References 33 publications

The relationship of insulin-like growth factor-II, insulin-like growth factor binding protein-3, and estrogen receptor-alpha expression to disease progression in epithelial ovarian cancer.

The relationship of insulin-like growth factor-II, insulin-like growth factor binding protein-3, and estrogen receptor-alpha expression to disease progression in epithelial ovarian cancer.

Estrogen receptor 1 mRNA is a prognostic factor in ovarian carcinoma: determination by kinetic PCR in formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded tissue

Twin births, sex of children and maternal risk of ovarian cancer: a cohort study in Norway

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