Expression of Potential Dermal Progenitor Cell Markers in the Tumour and Stroma of Skin Adnexal Malignant and Benign Tumours

Abstract

Stem cells are multipotent cells that maintain the skin epidermis including skin appendages such as hair follicle, sebaceous glands, and sweat glands. There is evidence that reciprocal signalling between the epidermis and the dermis plays an important role in skin development, homeostasis, wound repair, and skin cancer. The origin of skin cancer that derive from skin appendages is still controversial, including basal cell carcinoma and even more of rare tumours such as sebaceous carcinomas and whether those tumours originate from resident tissue stem cells. To investigate whether markers reported to label dermal progenitor cells are preserved in the tumour including the tumour stroma of skin adnexal tumours, we tested 45 human basal cell carcinomas, including superficial, nodular, adenoid, infiltrating, and sclerosing types, and further 38 human tumours of skin appendages including 13 sebaceous adenomas and carcinomas, 20 eccrine sweat gland tumours, and 5 pilomatricomas, syringomas, and hair follicle tumours for the expression of the potential dermal and epidermal cell markers CRABP1, Nestin, and Ephrin B2 and compared these findings with healthy, age-related human epidermis. We detected that CRABP1, Nestin, and Ephrin B2 are expressed in the intratumoural stroma as well as the tumour invasive front of skin tumours of appendages and BCCs.

Sebaceous immunobiology - skin homeostasis, pathophysiology, coordination of innate immunity and inflammatory response and disease associations

“…Analysis of human tissues showed that expression of LRIG1 and LGR5 was present in most sebaceous carcinomas but decreased compared to benign sebaceous adenomas and expression of SOX9 was absent in sebaceous malignancies ( 84 ). Dermal progenitors, such as cellular retinoic acid-binding protein 1 (CRABP1), were expressed at the tumor-stroma interaction site within the core of sebaceous carcinomas and CRABP1 and nestin expression was lower in sebaceous carcinoma than in benign sebaceous adenomas ( 85 ).…”

Challenges in the diagnosis and treatment of the malignant adnexal neoplasms of the head and neck

“…The DNA image cytometry may be helpful in distinguishing between malignant and benign follicular tumors [30]. Several markers reported to label dermal progenitor cells are preserved in the MANs, including the tumor stroma (CRABP1, Nestin, and Ephrin B2) [31]. Some authors recommend magnetic resonance imaging and fluorodeoxyglucose-positron emission tomography/ computed tomography to establish the extent of disease [32].…”

Therapeutic Attributes of Endocannabinoid System against Neuro-Inflammatory Autoimmune Disorders

“…Basal cell and squamous cell carcinomas exhibit the enormous identified prevalence of malignant tumors [ 217 , 218 , 219 , 220 ]. These types of cancers are primarily developed from the hair follicle stem cells [ 218 , 221 ]. However, their growth and proliferation depend on initial burst neovascularization [ 222 , 223 ], in which obligatory entities are VEGF (vascular endothelial growth factor) [ 217 , 224 ] and EGFR (epidermal growth factor receptor) [ 218 , 222 ].…”