Expression of pepsinogen II with androgen and estrogen receptors in human prostate carcinoma

Konishi, Noboru; Nakaoka, Shingo; Matsumoto, Kyoichi; Nakamura, Mitsutoshi; Kuwashima, Shinichi; Hiasa, Yoshio; Cho, Masaki; Uemura, Hirotsugu; Hirao, Yoshihiko

doi:10.1046/j.1440-1827.1999.00847.x

Cited by 22 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…Similarly, PGC activity in the four autopsy prostates was observed almost entirely within the central zone and ended abruptly at the boundary between the peripheral and central zones. This condition appears to be altered in abnormal glands, with the observation of PGC expression by peripheral zone tumors (17). In our study, using the qRT-PCR technology, we detected PGC expression even in the peripheral zones of prostates without carcinoma.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 57%

PGC and PSMA in prostate cancer diagnosis: tissue analysis from biopsy samples

Antunes¹,

Reis²,

Leite³

et al. 2013

Int. braz j urol.

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Purpose: The discovery of new diagnostic tools for the diagnosis of prostate cancer (PCa) has become an important field of research. In this study, we analyzed the diagnostic value of the expression of the pepsinogen C (PGC) and prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA) genes in tissue samples obtained from prostate biopsies. Materials and Methods: This study was comprised of 51 consecutive patients who underwent transrectal ultrasound (TRUS)-guided prostate biopsies between January 2010 and March 2010. The biopsies were performed with 12 cores, and an additional core was randomly retrieved from the peripheral zone from each patient for study purposes. The expression of the PGC and PSMA genes was analyzed from the cDnA from the samples via the qRT-PCR technology. The expression patterns of patients with PCa were compared with those of patients without a PCa diagnosis. Results: PSMA was overexpressed in only 43.4% of PCa cases, and PGC was overexpressed in 72.7% of cases. The median expression of PSMA was 1.5 times (0.1 to 43.9) and the median PGC expression was 8.7 times (0.1 to 50.0) the expression observed in prostatic tissue from TRUS-guided biopsies of normal patients. Analysis of patients with high-risk PCa indicated that PGC was overexpressed in 71.4% of cases (with a median expression of 10.6 times), and PSMA was overexpressed in only 35.7% of cases (with a median expression of 4.5 times). Among patients with low-risk PCa, PGC was also overexpressed in 71.4% of cases (with a median expression of 5.9 times), and PSMA was overexpressed in only 42.8% of cases (with a median expression of 2.5 times). Conclusions: PGC gene expression is significantly higher in prostatic tissue in men affected by PCa when compared to normal prostates. Further analyses are necessary to confirm our results.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 57%

PGC and PSMA in prostate cancer diagnosis: tissue analysis from biopsy samples

Antunes¹,

Reis²,

Leite³

et al. 2013

Int. braz j urol.

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“…British Journal of Cancer (2004) 1993;Miettinen et al, 1995;Vizoso et al, 1995;Konishi et al, 1999;Venturini et al, 1999;Berns et al, 2000;Miyasaka et al, 2001;Saito et al, 2002). In the present study, the expression of these genes did not increase in either group 2, the larger adenomas or group 3, the adenocarcinomas.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 38%

Differential gene-expression profiles associated with gastric adenoma

et al. 2004

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Gastric adenomas may eventually progress to adenocarcinomas at varying rates. The purpose of the present study was to identify gene-expression profiles linked to the heterogeneous nature of gastric adenoma as compared to adenocarcinoma. Suppression subtractive hybridisation analysis was performed to extract relevant genes from two cases of low-and high-grade gastric adenomas. The identified genes were quantified by RT -PCR in 14 low-grade adenoma, nine high-grade adenoma and nine adenocarcinoma samples, followed by hierarchical clustering analysis to separate tumours into groups according to their gene-expression profiles. Nine genes previously implicated in carcinogenesis in a variety of organs, including three genes related to gastric adenocarcinoma, were identified. The overexpression of these genes in gastric adenoma has not been reported previously. The clustering analysis of these nine genes across 32 cases identified three groups, one of which consisted primarily of adenocarcinomas, whereas the other two groups consisted of adenomas. One group of adenomas, characterised by larger tumour size, exhibited gene-expression profiles of an intestinal cell lineage implicated in the pathogenesis of an intestinal-type gastric adenocarcinoma. Another adenoma group consisting of low-grade adenomas with smaller tumour size exhibited a unique expression profile. In conclusion, clustering analysis of expression profiles using a limited number of genes may serve as molecular markers for gastric adenoma with different biological properties. Although the prognostic values of these gene-expression profiles need to be evaluated in further follow-up study of adenoma cases, these findings add new insights to (a) our understanding of the pathogenesis of gastric tumours, (b) the development of specific tumour markers for clinical practice, and (c) the design of novel therapeutic targets.

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“…The overexpression of PGC has also been determined in the cancerous cells, basal cell, and squamous cell carcinomas of the eyelids (Alvarez et al, 2004). Similarly, extra-digestive expression of PGC has been reported in several tumors such as cervical, endometrial and ovarian (Serra Diaz et al, 1999), prostate (Konishi et al, 1999), gastric , stomach (Tatematsu et al, 1990), gall bladder (Tatematsu et al, 1988), breast carcinomas (Serra Diaz et al, 1999), and cutaneous malignant melanomas (Quintela et al, 2001). Interestingly, these expressions are significantly associated with a longer overall survival of patients with breast carcinomas .…”

Section: Role Of Pgc In the Tumor Progressionmentioning

confidence: 90%

“…PGC expression level has also been reported in gastric epithelial cells (Fukuda et al, 1994), stomach (Tatematsu et al, 1990), pancreas (Fukushima et al, 2004), liver (Steele et al, 2007), prostate (Konishi et al, 1999), and Barrett epithelium (Pals et al, 1988). However, Bobe and Goetz (2001) have shown that PGC is also present in the animal ovary.…”

Section: Site Of Expressionmentioning

confidence: 92%

“…Interestingly, the presence of PGC in the seminal fluid clearly indicates its potential role in immunofertility (Szecsi and Lilja, 1993). In the other studies, Merino et al (2000) and Konishi et al (1999) independently showed that PGC is particularly synthesized and secreted by the gastric mucosa, and is implicated in the pathogenesis and metastasis of prostate carcinoma. Furthermore, Reid et al (1984) determined a very important role of PGC in fertility.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Progastriscin: Structure, Function, and Its Role in Tumor Progression

Hassan

Toor

Ahmad

2010

Journal of Molecular Cell Biology

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Progastricsin (PGC) is a major seminal plasma protein having aspartyl proteinases-like activity and showing close sequence similarity to pepsins. PGC is also present as zymogen in gastric mucosa. In this article, we have reviewed all important features of PGC. Furthermore, we have compared all features of PGC with those of different aspartyl proteinases. The complete amino acid sequence of PGC reveals that it is composed of 374 residues (gastricsin moiety of 331 residues and the activation segment of 43 residues). The gene of human PGC is located at single locus on chromosome 6, whereas the human pepsinogen genetic locus is polymorphic and codes for at least three distinct polypeptide sequences on chromosome 11. The major useful function of PGC includes production of pro-antimicrobial substance in seminal plasma. The crystal structure of human PGC is known, which shows that it is quite similar to that of porcine pepsinogen. The tertiary structure of PGC is comprised of commonly bilobal structure with a large active-site cleft between the lobes. Two aspartate residues in the center of the cleft, namely Asp32 and Asp215, function as catalytic residues. The sequence and structural features of PGC indicate that it is diverged from its pepsinogen ancestor in the early phase of the evolution of gastric aspartyl proteinases. Our detailed review of PGC structure, function and activation mechanism will also be of interest to cancer biologists as well as gastroenterologists.

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Expression of pepsinogen II with androgen and estrogen receptors in human prostate carcinoma

Cited by 22 publications

References 18 publications

PGC and PSMA in prostate cancer diagnosis: tissue analysis from biopsy samples

PGC and PSMA in prostate cancer diagnosis: tissue analysis from biopsy samples

Differential gene-expression profiles associated with gastric adenoma

Progastriscin: Structure, Function, and Its Role in Tumor Progression

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