Expression of Osteopontin in Rat Kidneys: Induction During Ethylene Glycol Induced Calcium Oxalate Nephrolithiasis

Khan, Saeed R.; Johnson, Joanne; Peck, Ammon B.; Cornelius, Janet G.; Glenton, Patricia A.

doi:10.1016/s0022-5347(05)64621-6

Cited by 114 publications

(62 citation statements)

References 24 publications

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“…Additionally, Hyperoxaluria could significantly up-regulate OPN expression and further promote its secretion after crystal deposition in kidneys. Simultaneously, a concomitant increase was found in urine [41]. In current study, even though the model induced by 5%AmO x differed from by ethylene glycol, significant elevation of OPN in both urine and kidney was observed in the control group.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 40%

“…The underlying mechanisms may be Values are expressed as mean ± SD, * P \ 0.05 when compared to the control, ** P \ 0.05 when compared to the normal related to their abundant flavonoid constituents, which as antioxidants inhibit oxidative stress response so as to down-regulate OPN expression indirectly. Khan SR et al [41] revealed that with the CaO x crystal formation, particularly after crystal deposition, OPN expression in the kidney gradually expanded from the loop of Henle and papillary surface epithelium to the whole renal tissue section. We also observed OPN weak expression in normal rats and strong expression in urolithiatic rats.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Evaluation of antiurolithic effect and the possible mechanisms of Desmodium styracifolium and Pyrrosiae petiolosa in rats

Duan

Zhang

et al. 2011

Urol Res

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Chinese herbs Desmodium styracifolium (Ds) and Pyrrosiae petiolosa (Pp) have been widely used to treat urolithiasis with few side effects in traditional Chinese medicine (TCM). In vitro crystallization study has confirmed their prophylaxis of Calcium oxalate (CaO( x )) stones formation. However, little is known on their possible mechanisms in vivo. In the present study, we proposed to systematically evaluate their antilithic effects and clarify the underlying mechanism of Ds and Pp using a rat nephrolithiasis model and administering the aqueous extracts. Adult male Wistar rats were fed with 5% ammonium oxalate (AmO( x )) forage to induce nephrolithiasis. After 1 week, the rats were randomly divided into eight groups, and given low, medium, and high dose of each herb treatments (275, 550 and 1,100 mg/kg for Ds and 150, 300 and 600 mg/kg for Pp) by gavage for 3 weeks. In contrast to urolithic rats, urinary oxalate significantly reduced, and urinary calcium increased in medium and high dose Ds groups. Few depositions were observed in kidney with slight dilation of tubules and inflammatory infiltration. Osteopontin (OPN), nitric oxide (NO), and malondialdehyde (MDA) levels significantly decreased, but Superoxide dismutase (SOD) activities were enhanced in kidneys. In high dose Pp group, crystals were found in the dilation of tubules with slight inflammatory infiltration. Partial serum and urinary variables returned to the normal range. In conclusion, medium and high dose Ds has beneficial effect in preventing CaO( x ) stone formation by rising urinary Citrate excretion, decreasing urinary calcium, diuresis, and antioxidative effects. Although high dose Pp has relatively weak prophylaxis, it indicates significant anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 40%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of antiurolithic effect and the possible mechanisms of Desmodium styracifolium and Pyrrosiae petiolosa in rats

Duan

Zhang

et al. 2011

Urol Res

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“…With various coworkers, I have studied many aspects of urolithiasis in male and female SpragueDawley rats. [26][27][28][29][30][31][32] When hyperoxaluria is induced by administration of 0.75%-1% EG, there is an increase in urinary excretion of Ox within 2 days, hyperoxaluria is established within 3 days, CaOx crystalluria develops within 2 weeks, and CaOx nephrolithiasis develops within 4-6 weeks. 23 Urinary pH and excretion of citrate are significantly decreased.…”

Section: Animal Model Studiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…CaOx crystal deposition in the kidneys increases the expression of Tamm-Horsfall protein (THP), 41,42 osteopontin (OPN), 30 inter-alpha-inhibitor (ITI), 31,32 prothrombin Urine was collected once a week. After 1 week of treatment, the nephrolithic rats on diets with EG excreted significantly more (P Ͻ 0.05) arachidonic acid (AA) and prostaglandin E2 (PGE) in their urine than three control male rats on a normal diet.…”

Section: Animal Model Studiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Crystal-induced inflammation of the kidneys: results from human studies, animal models, and tissue-culture studies

2004

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Calcium oxalate (CaOx), calcium phosphate (CaP), and uric acid or urate are the most common crystals seen in the kidneys. Most of the crystals evoke an inflammatory response leading to fibrosis, loss of nephrons, and eventually to chronic renal failure. Of the three, CaOx monohydrate is the most reactive, whereas some forms of CaP do not evoke any discernible response. Reactive oxygen species are produced during the interactions between the crystals and renal cells and are responsible for the various cellular responses. CaOx crystals generally form in the renal tubules. Exposure of renal epithelial cells to CaOx crystals results in the increased synthesis of osteopontin, bikunin, heparan sulfate, monocyte chemoattractant protein 1 (MCP-1), and prostaglandin (PG) E2, which are known to participate in inflammatory processes and in extracellular matrix production. CaOx crystal deposition in rat kidneys also activates the renin-angiotensin system. Both Ox and CaOx crystals selectively activate p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) in exposed tubular cells. CaP crystals can form in the tubular lumen, tubular cells, or tubular basement membrane. Renal epithelial cells exposed to brushite crystals produce MCP-1. Basic CaP and calcium pyrophosphate dihydrate induce mitogenesis in fibroblasts, stimulate production of PGE2, and up-regulate the synthesis of metalloproteinases (MMP) while down-regulating the production of inhibitors of MMPs through activation of p42/44 MAPK. Deposition of urate crystals in the kidneys becomes associated with renal tubular atrophy, interstitial fibrosis, and development of inflammatory infiltrate. Renal epithelial cells exposed to uric acid crystals synthesize MCP-1 as well as PGE2. Monocytes or neutrophils exposed to urate crystals produce tumor necrosis factor alpha, interleukin-1 (IL-1), IL-6, and IL-8. Expression of IL-8 is mediated through extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1 (ERK-1)/ERK-2 and nuclear transcription factors activated protein 1 and nuclear factor kappabeta. Urate crystals also stimulate the macrophages to produce MMPs.

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“…Crystal-cell adhesion and dislocation are other mechanisms which are thought to be involved in stone formation [36,37]. These processes are strongly influenced by numerous factors which include the presence or absence of different types of urinary components which can be up-or down-regulated in the presence of endogenous or exogenous stimuli [38,39]. Perhaps stress might be an influential factor in this regard.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Stress–stones–stress–recurrent stones: a self-propagating cycle? Difficulties in solving this dichotomy

et al. 2017

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Numerous studies have reported an association between stress and urolithiasis. Although urinary risk factors have been measured in several of these, compelling evidence of a causal relationship has not been established. A shortcoming is that alterations in single urinary parameters rather than ratios and quotients, which provide a more synergistic risk evaluation, have been measured. Recently, we speculated about a possible association between chronic stress and stone recurrence. This presents an intriguing dichotomy of whether stress causes stones or vice versa, or whether they are linked in a self-propagating stress-stones-stress-recurrence cycle. We investigated the latter hypothesis in a retrospective case-control designed study in which we calculated urinary ratios and quotients which are regarded as diagnostic indicators of stone risk. These included Ca/Cr, Ox/Cr, Mg/Cr, Cit/Cr, urate/Cr and citrate-magnesium-calcium ratios, activity product quotient for calcium oxalate (CaOx) and relative supersaturation of CaOx, brushite and uric acid. Overnight urinary data from 128 participants comprising 31 first time (FS), 33 recurrent (RS) CaOx stone formers and 64 controls were used. All subjects had been previously assessed for chronic stress dimensions, as well as for stress caused by their stone episodes per se. Conditional and unconditional logistic regression (with a Bonferroni correction for multiple tests) and simple linear regression were used to analyse various components of the data. Although RS had more stressful life events, with greater intensity of perception than FS, there were no significant differences between the groups regarding any of the urinary risk factors. No significant association between stressful life events and any of the urinary ratios or quotients was observed. A direct causal link between stress and stone recurrence was not indicated. We believe that future studies should shift their focus from traditional urinary risk factors to other stone-forming mechanisms. However, we recognize that there is an inherent problem in attempting to solve the stress-stones dichotomy as it would be impossible to disentangle alterations in risk factors which arise from lifestyle stress and those arising from stone episodes themselves.

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Expression of Osteopontin in Rat Kidneys: Induction During Ethylene Glycol Induced Calcium Oxalate Nephrolithiasis

Abstract: In response to exposure to oxalate and calcium oxalate crystals renal epithelial cells increase the production of osteopontin, which may have a significant role in calcium oxalate nephrolithiasis.

Cited by 114 publications

References 24 publications

Evaluation of antiurolithic effect and the possible mechanisms of Desmodium styracifolium and Pyrrosiae petiolosa in rats

Evaluation of antiurolithic effect and the possible mechanisms of Desmodium styracifolium and Pyrrosiae petiolosa in rats

Crystal-induced inflammation of the kidneys: results from human studies, animal models, and tissue-culture studies

Stress–stones–stress–recurrent stones: a self-propagating cycle? Difficulties in solving this dichotomy

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