Expression of neuropeptide Y and cholecystokinin in the rat brain by chronic mild stress

Kim, Sujeong; Whang, Wei Whan; Kim, Hyun Taek; Pyun, Kwang Ho; Cho, Sun Young; Hahm, Dae Hyun; Lee, Hye Jung; Shim, Insop

doi:10.1016/s0006-8993(03)03087-7

Cited by 74 publications

(49 citation statements)

References 38 publications

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“…In addition to the neural effects, the stressed animals showed a net weight loss during the course of the CUS, consistent with other studies of the effects of chronic stress (Kim et al, 2003;Lin et al, 2005;Larsen et al, 2010), whereas the control animals continued to gain weight during the 2 weeks, the animals that underwent CUS did not. Moreover, while corticosterone levels increased in the stressed animals following 2 weeks of CUS, consistent with prior studies of the effects of chronic stress (Hawley et al, 2010), the increase fell just short of statistical significance.…”

Section: Stress-induced Body Weight Loss and Corticosterone Changessupporting

confidence: 90%

“…This chronic stress model has been shown to produce typical signs of chronic stress exposure, such as elevated corticosterone (Hawley et al, 2010), cardiovascular responses (Hawley et al, 2010), decreased or slowed weight gain (Kim et al, 2003;Lin et al, 2005;Larsen et al, 2010), and decreased neurogenesis (Liu et al, 2007). The CUS paradigm used in the present study was adapted from previously described protocols (Matthews et al, 1995;Alfarez et al, 2003;Gouirand and Matuszewich, 2005;Hawley et al, 2010), and expanded to include more ethologically relevant stressors encountered by an animal in daily life, such as predator odors, sounds, and simulated noninvasive insect-like ''bites'' (Hawley et al, 2010).…”

Section: Chronic Unpredictable Stress (Cus)mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Region‐specific response of the hippocampus to chronic unpredictable stress

Hawley

Leasure

2011

Hippocampus

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The objective of the present study was to determine whether chronic unpredictable stress (CUS) would induce hippocampal neuroplasticity in a region-specific manner. Recent evidence suggests that the hippocampus has two functionally distinct subsections. The dorsal (septal) portion appears to be primarily associated with spatial navigation, while the ventral (temporal) region has been linked to affect-related functions, such as anxiety. Chronic stress has previously been shown to negatively affect the hippocampus by decreasing survival of progenitor cells, although it has also been shown to increase adaptive responses, such as increased expression of neuropeptide Y (NPY) and ΔFosB. Whether such events occur in a region-specific manner has not been investigated. We hypothesized that CUS would selectively impact cell survival, NPY, and ΔFosB expression in the more affect-related ventral subregion. Individually housed Long-Evans rats (n = 31) were divided into two groups: stressed and control. Stressed animals were exposed daily to an unpredictable schedule of ethologically relevant stressors, such as predator odors, forced swim, and open field exposure. All rats were injected with bromodeoxyuridine (BrdU) daily during the first 5 days of CUS in order to label dividing progenitor cells. Unbiased stereology was used to quantify BrdU+, NPY+, and ΔFosB+ cells in dorsal and ventral hippocampal subregions. In support of our hypothesis, we found that CUS selectively decreased cell survival in the ventral subregion. However, both NPY and ΔFosB were significantly increased only in the dorsal hippocampus. These results suggest that stress-induced adaptive neuroplasticity occurs primarily in the dorsal subregion, which may coincide with behavioral aspects of the stress response, such as avoidance or amelioration of the stressor.

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Section: Stress-induced Body Weight Loss and Corticosterone Changessupporting

confidence: 90%

Section: Chronic Unpredictable Stress (Cus)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Region‐specific response of the hippocampus to chronic unpredictable stress

Hawley

Leasure

2011

Hippocampus

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“…The reason for this difference is not clear. However, it was reported that NPY immunoreactivity was found mainly in cell bodies of the hypothalamic areas including the ARC and NPY-immunoreactive fibers can be seen in the periventricular hypothalamic nucleus, paraventricular thalamic nucleus, or the PVN, a major site of NPY release (51). Our results suggest that CS may inhibit NPY release or transport in the PVN, rather than synthesis in the ARC even though treatment with CS tended to reduce the expression of NPY in the ARC.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 46%

Effect of Crude Saponin of Korean Red Ginseng on High-Fat Diet-Induced Obesity in the Rat

et al. 2005

Self Cite

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Abstract. The anti-obesity effects of crude saponin (CS) of Korean red ginseng (KRG) were investigated in the rat fed a high-fat (HF) diet. Male Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats became obese by feeding the HF diet over 5 weeks, while the control rats were fed a normal diet, and then both groups were treated with CS (200 mg / kg, i.p.) for 3 weeks. The body weight, food consumption, adipose tissues, and expression of appetite peptides such as leptin and neuropeptide Y (NPY) were investigated in rats fed normal and HF diet after treatment of CS. Administration of CS reduced body weight, food intake, and fat content in HF diet rats in a manner similar to those of the normal diet fed rats. The hypothalamic NPY expression and serum leptin level were reduced in HF diet rats after CS treatment. Our results suggest that CS may be useful in the treatment of obesity and related disorders as anti-obesity agents.

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“…The application of OBX as well as social isolation might promote anterograde transport of CART from the PVN and ARC neuronal cell bodies to the CeA and that the elevation of CART in the CeA might be the key factor in the regulation of depression-like behavior. This concept is supported by the circumstantial evidences such as (1) demonstrated role of PVN and ARC neurons in depression (Baker et al, 1996;Makino et al, 2000;Kim et al, 2003;Sergeyev et al, 2005), (2) occurrence of neuronal connectivity from the PVN and ARC to the amygdala (Eskay et al, 1979;O'Donohue et al, 1979;Cone, 2005), (3) the recognition of amygdala as a site for processing of the depression-related information (Aggleton, 1993;Song et al, 1996;Huang and Lin, 2006;Dannlowski et al, 2008), (4) increase in the CART content in the CeA of rat and its importance in ethanol withdrawal-induced anxiety-like behavior (Dandekar et al, 2008a), (5) our observation that direct injection of CART into the CeA resulted in antidepressant-like effect in the normal rat, and (f) that the depression-like conditions in the socially isolated and OBX animals were reversed by intra-CeA CART treatment. Moreover, the possibility of upregulation of CART expression locally in the CeA following social isolation and OBX may not be ruled out.…”

Section: Effect Of Obx and Social Isolation On Cart-immunoreactivitymentioning

confidence: 70%

“…Moreover, following social isolation and OBX, endogenous CART system was investigated in the paraventricular nucleus (PVN), periventricular area (PeA), arcuate nucleus (ARC), perifornical nucleus (PeF), CeA, prefrontal cortex (PFC), Edinger-Westphal nucleus (EW), and locus coeruleus (LC) using immunocytochemistry coupled with morphometric analysis. These neuroanatomical areas were chosen for this investigation because of abundance of CART (Koylu et al, , 1998Vrang, 2006), and some of them (PVN, ARC, CeA, PFC, and LC) are reported to be involved in the processing of depressionrelated signals (Baker et al, 1996;Song et al, 1996;Makino et al, 2000;Kim et al, 2003;Stone et al, 2007;Dannlowski et al, 2008;Orsetti et al, 2008). Furthermore, this work provided a unique opportunity to compare the CART immunocytochemical profile in the brain of rats subjected to social isolation and OBX, the two different models for generating depression, and to identify common features, if any.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cocaine- and Amphetamine-Regulated Transcript Peptide Plays a Role in the Manifestation of Depression: Social Isolation and Olfactory Bulbectomy Models Reveal Unifying Principles

Dandekar

Singru

Kokare

et al. 2008

Neuropsychopharmacol

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We investigated the effect of cocaine-and amphetamine-regulated transcript (CART) peptide on depression-like behavior in socially isolated and olfactory bulbectomized (OBX) rats. Administration of CART (54-102) into the lateral ventricle (50-100 ng) or central nucleus of amygdala (CeA) (10-20 ng) caused significant decrease in immobility time in the forced swim test (FST) without influencing locomotion, suggesting antidepressant-like effect. Social isolation as well as OBX models were undertaken to produce depression-like conditions. Although isolation reared (6 weeks) rats showed significant increase in immobility time in FST, OBX animals exhibited hyperactivity (increase in the ambulation, rearing, grooming, and defecation scores) on day 14 in the open-field test. The isolation-or OBX-induced depression-like phenotypes were reversed following acute or subchronic treatment of CART, respectively, given via intracerebroventricular and intra-CeA routes. Drastic reduction in CART-immunoreactivity was observed in most cells in the paraventricular (PVN), arcuate and Edinger-Westphal nuclei of the socially isolated and OBX animals. Although the fibers in the PVN showed variable response, those in ARC and prefrontal cortex did not change. The CART-immunoreactive fibers in the locus coeruleus also showed highly significant reduction. However, dramatic increase in CART-immunoreactive fibers was noticed in the CeA in both the experimental models. The response by the cells and fibers in the periventricular area and perifornical nucleus in the OBX and socially isolated rats was variable. The study underscores the possibility that endogenous CART system might play a major role in mediating symptoms of depression.

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Expression of neuropeptide Y and cholecystokinin in the rat brain by chronic mild stress

Cited by 74 publications

References 38 publications

Region‐specific response of the hippocampus to chronic unpredictable stress

Region‐specific response of the hippocampus to chronic unpredictable stress

Effect of Crude Saponin of Korean Red Ginseng on High-Fat Diet-Induced Obesity in the Rat

Cocaine- and Amphetamine-Regulated Transcript Peptide Plays a Role in the Manifestation of Depression: Social Isolation and Olfactory Bulbectomy Models Reveal Unifying Principles

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