Expression of Neuropeptide Galanin and Galanin Receptors in Human Skin

Kofler, Barbara; Berger, Alexandra; Santic, Radmila; Moritz, Kerstin; Almer, Dietmar; Tuechler, Camilla; Lang, Roland; Emberger, Michael; Klausegger, Alfred; Sperl, Wolfgang; Bauer, Johann

doi:10.1111/j.0022-202x.2004.22418.x

Cited by 54 publications

(43 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…Previous studies reported galanin-like immunoreactivity (Gal-LI) in nerve terminals and fibres in the dermis and basal layers of the epidermis as well as in nerves surrounding sweat glands (4)(5)(6). In addition, Gal-LI was found in keratinocytes and ductal cells of eccrine sweat glands (5).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 97%

“…The main source of collagen is believed to emanate from fibroblasts and myofibroblasts surrounding the wound site (1). Previous findings suggest that macrophages may affect fibroblast recruitment to the wound site and collagen deposition (2)(3)(4)(5). In vitro, macrophages have been classified as M1 inflammatory macrophages or M2 tissue repair and pro-angiogenic macrophages (6).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Galanin is a modulator of eccrine sweat gland secretion

Bovell

Holub

Odusanwo

et al. 2013

Experimental Dermatology

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The neuropeptide galanin has been ascribed different roles in modulating physiological functions in the skin. The present study examined the function of galanin in eccrine sweat gland physiology. We demonstrated secretion of galanin by sweat glands in vivo by radioimmunoassay of human sweat (20-192 fmol galanin/ml). Furthermore, human sweat glands expressed galanin receptors GalR2 and GalR3. Using chamber short-circuit current (Isc) measurements showed that application of galanin to human NCL-SG3 cells led to a significant increase in Isc, which was inhibited by the presence of chloride channel blockers and in chloride-free Krebs solution. Additionally, application of SNAP 37889, a non-peptidergic selective antagonist of GalR3, abolished the effect of galanin on Isc. In summary, our results show that galanin can regulate transepithelial chloride ion transport and fluid secretion by stimulating GalR3 in NCL-SG3 cells and demonstrate a possible important extraneural function of galanin in sweat gland physiology.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Galanin is a modulator of eccrine sweat gland secretion

Bovell

Holub

Odusanwo

et al. 2013

Experimental Dermatology

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“…Murine and human skin specimens were stained by using affinity-purified anti-alarin antisera. Because the homology between the human and the murine peptide is only 60%, two antisera, one directed against the murine alarin peptide (6)(7)(8)(9)(10)(11)(12)(13)(14)(15)(16)(17)(18)(19)(20)(21)(22)(23)(24) and one directed against the human homologue, were used. Alarin-like immunoreactivity (alarin-LI) was detected in pericytes covering microvascular arterioles and venules on their abluminal surfaces in the murine as well as in the human dermis, whereas in larger vessels alarin-LI was detected in layers of smooth muscle cells (Fig.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Plasma extravasation was used as an index of inflammatory edema formation and measured as previously described (49). Briefly, test agents [SP, CGRP, galanin, GALP (1-60), GALP (19)(20)(21)(22)(23)(24)(25)(26)(27)(28)(29)(30)(31)(32)(33)(34)(35)(36)(37), alarin , and alarin (3-25)] were diluted in Tyrode's solution and stored on ice. 125 I-BSA (45 kBq in 100 l of saline) was administered i.v.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Alarin is a vasoactive peptide

Santic¹,

Schmidhuber²,

Lang

et al. 2007

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

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Galanin-like peptide (GALP) is a hypothalamic neuropeptide belonging to the galanin family of peptides. The GALP gene is characterized by extensive differential splicing in a variety of murine tissues. One splice variant excludes exon 3 and results in a frame shift leading to a novel peptide sequence and a stop codon after 49 aa. In this peptide, which we termed alarin, the signal sequence of the GALP precursor peptide and the first 5 aa of the mature GALP are followed by 20 aa without homology to any other murine protein. Alarin mRNA was detected in murine brain, thymus, and skin. In accordance with its vascular localization, the peptide exhibited potent and dose-dependent vasoconstrictor and anti-edema activity in the cutaneous microvasculature, as was also observed with other members of the galanin peptide family. However, in contrast to galanin peptides in general, the physiological effects of alarin do not appear to be mediated via the known galanin receptors. Alarin adds another facet to the surprisingly high-functional redundancy of the galanin family of peptides.galanin-like peptide ͉ regulatory peptide ͉ splicing ͉ plasma extravasation ͉ cutaneous microvasculature

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Galanin gene expression and effects of its knock‐down on the development of the nervous system in larval zebrafish

Podlasz

Sallinen

Chen

et al. 2012

J of Comparative Neurology

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Despite the known importance of galanin in the nervous system of vertebrates, the galanin gene structure and expression and the consequences of galanin deficiency in developing zebrafish are unknown. We cloned the galanin gene and analyzed its expression by using in situ hybridization, PCR, and immunocytochemistry throughout the early development of zebrafish until the end of the first week of life. The single zebrafish galanin gene encoded for a single amidated galanin peptide and a galanin message-associated peptide. Two forms resulting from alternative processing were identified. Galanin mRNA was maternally expressed and found in developing fish throughout early development. In situ hybridization showed the first positive neurons in three groups in the brain at 28 hours postfertilization. At 2 days postfertilization, three prosencephalic neuron groups were seen in the preoptic area and in rostral and caudal periventricular hypothalamus. In addition, two other groups of weakly stained neurons were visible, one in the midbrain and another in the hindbrain. Translation inhibition of galanin mRNA with morpholino oligonucleotides caused complete disappearance of galanin immunoreactivity in the brain until 7 dpf and did not induce known cascades of nonspecific pathways or morphological abnormalities. A minor disturbance of sensory ganglia was found. Galanin knockdown did not alter the expression of tyrosine hydroxylases 1 and 2, choline acetyltransferase, histidine decarboxylase, or orexin mRNA. The results suggest that galanin does not regulate the development of these key markers of specific neurons, although galanin-expressing fibers were in a close spatial proximity to several neurons of these neuronal populations.

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Expression of Neuropeptide Galanin and Galanin Receptors in Human Skin

Cited by 54 publications

References 18 publications

Galanin is a modulator of eccrine sweat gland secretion

Galanin is a modulator of eccrine sweat gland secretion

Alarin is a vasoactive peptide

Galanin gene expression and effects of its knock‐down on the development of the nervous system in larval zebrafish

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