Expression of neuronal nicotinic acetylcholine receptor genes in the developing chick visual system.

Matter, Jean‐Marc; Matter-Sadzinski, Lidia; Ballivet, Marc

doi:10.1002/j.1460-2075.1990.tb08205.x

Cited by 68 publications

(41 citation statements)

References 32 publications

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“…Surgical removal of the primordial eye prior to synapse formation on embryonic chick optic tectum neurons abolishes the 10-to 15-fold transient increase in ␤2 mRNA levels normally seen in these cells (Matter et al, 1990). ␣7-nAChR expression in the neonatal rat somatosensory cortex is similarly regulated by innervation.…”

Section: Inductive Effects Of Innervation On Nachr Expressionmentioning

confidence: 92%

Regulatory mechanisms that govern nicotinic synapse formation in neurons

et al. 2002

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Individual cholinoceptive neurons express high levels of different neuronal nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) subtypes, and target them to the appropriate synaptic regions for proper function. This review focuses on the intercellular and intracellular processes that regulate nAChR expression in vertebrate peripheral nervous system (PNS) and central nervous system (CNS) neurons. Specifically, we discuss the cellular and molecular mechanisms that govern the induction and maintenance of nAChR expression-innervation, target tissue interactions, soluble factors, and activity. We define the regulatory principles of interneuronal nicotinic synapse differentiation that have emerged from these studies. We also discuss the molecular players that target nAChRs to the surface membrane and the interneuronal synapse.

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Section: Inductive Effects Of Innervation On Nachr Expressionmentioning

confidence: 92%

Regulatory mechanisms that govern nicotinic synapse formation in neurons

et al. 2002

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“…Total RNA was isolated, gel-fractionated, and hybridized as described (10,15). We used as probe a 32 P-labeled ␤3 genomic fragment containing 250 bp of exon 5 (encoding amino acids Met 308 -Gln 391 ) and 240 bp of intron 5 (15).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Several nAChR subunit genes, including ␣4, ␤2, ␤3, and ␤4, are expressed in the chick retina (10), 2 and expression of ␤3 is confined to ganglion cells and amacrine neurons (15). Forsayeth and Kobrin (16) have shown that the ␤3 subunit co-assembles in vivo with the ␣4, ␤2, and ␤4 subunits to form a functional nicotinic receptor endowed with distinctive properties.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Functional Properties of the Neuronal Nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptor β3 Promoter in the Developing Central Nervous System

Roztocil

Matter-Sadzinski

Gomez

et al. 1998

Journal of Biological Chemistry

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Within the chick central nervous system, expression of the ␤3 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor gene is restricted to a subset of retinal neurons, the majority of which are ganglion cells. Transient transfection in retinal neurons and in neural and non-neural cells from other regions of the chick embryo allowed the identification of the cis-regulatory domain of the ␤3 gene. Within this domain, a 75-base pair fragment located immediately upstream of the transcription start site suffices to reproduce the neuron-specific expression pattern of ␤3. This fragment encompasses an E-box and a CAAT box, both of which are shown to be key positive regulatory elements of the ␤3 promoter. Co-transfection experiments into retinal, telencephalic, and tectal neurons with plasmid reporters of ␤3 promoter activity and a number of vectors expressing different neuronal (ASH-1, NeuroM, NeuroD, CTF-4) and non-neuronal (MyoD) basic helix-loop-helix transcription factors indicate that the cis-regulatory domain of ␤3 has the remarkable property of discriminating accurately between related members of the basic helix-loop-helix protein family. The sequence located immediately 3 of the E-box participates in this selection, and the E-box acts in concert with the nearby CAAT box.In vertebrates, both negative and positive regulations play an important role in determining neuronal gene expression. Negative regulation (reviewed in Refs. 1 and 2) is best exemplified by REST/NRSF, a factor that represses transcription of the SCG-10 and type II Na ϩ channel genes in non-neuronal cell-types, whereas most neurons lack REST/NRSF and thus express these two genes (3, 4). Conversely, the Olf-1 transcription factor positively regulates several genes (e.g. the olfactory neuron-specific G protein, the type III adenylyl cyclase) specifically expressed in olfactory neurons (5). Vertebrate homologs of the basic helix-loop-helix (bHLH) 1 factors involved in Drosophila neurogenesis (6) act as positive or negative regulators in the acquisition of neuronal identity. For instance, the atonaland achaete-scute-related activators are transiently expressed in parts of the central and peripheral nervous system during early development, and their null mutation or ectopic expression profoundly influences neurogenesis (reviewed by Lee et al. (7)). However, the direct regulation by bHLH proteins of genes that define neuronal identity has never been documented.Several neuronal nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) genes are expressed early in neural development (8 -12), and, since they encode transmembrane sensors capable of fluxing Ca 2ϩ and other cations upon stimulation (reviewed in Ref. 13), an understanding of their regulation should help explain how the genetic program puts together the mechanisms needed for epigenetic environmental cues to participate in development. This is illustrated in a recent report by Shatz and associates (14) showing that, in the developing retina, cholinergic synaptic transmission between newly generated amacrine and ganglion cells is respo...

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“…In the chick optic tectum, however, nAChRs may also play a role in wiring of visual pathways. In this species, na (nonalpha) subunits of the nAChR are transiently expressed in the optic tectum during innervation by optic nerve fibers, whereas in "eyeless" embryos in which both optic vesicles have been removed, this transeint expression does not occur (72). This suggests that nAChR may be involved in development of the retinotectal projection in the chick embryo.…”

Section: Acetylcholine and Ocular Domi2nancementioning

confidence: 95%

Morphogenetic roles of acetylcholine.

Lauder

Schambra

1999

Environ Health Perspect

190

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In the adult nervous system, neurotransmitters mediate cellular communication within neuronal circuits. In developing tissues and primitive organisms, neurotransmitters subserve growth regulatory and morphogenetic functions. Accumulated evidence suggests that acetylcholine, (ACh), released from growing axons, regulates growth, differentiation, and plasticity of developing central nervous system neurons. In addition to intrinsic cholinergic neurons, the cerebral cortex and hippocampus receive extensive innervation from cholinergic neurons in the basal forebrain, beginning prenatally and continuing throughout the period of active growth and synaptogenesis. Acute exposure to ethanol in early gestation (which prevents formation of basal forebrain cholinergic neurons) or neonatal lesioning of basal forebrain cholinergic neurons, significantly compromises cortical development and produces persistent impairment of cognitive functions. Neonatal visual deprivation alters developmental expression of muscarinic acetylcholine receptors (mAChR) in visual cortex, whereas local infusion of mAChR antagonists impairs plasticity of visual cortical neurons. These findings raise the possibility that exposure to environmental neurotoxins that affect cholinergic systems may seriously compromise brain development and have long-lasting morphologic, neurochemical, and functional consequences.-Environ Health Perspect 107(Suppl 1): 65-69 (1999). http.//ehpnet1.niehs.nih.gov/docs/1999/ Suppl-1/65-691auder/abstract. html

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Expression of neuronal nicotinic acetylcholine receptor genes in the developing chick visual system.

Cited by 68 publications

References 32 publications

Regulatory mechanisms that govern nicotinic synapse formation in neurons

Regulatory mechanisms that govern nicotinic synapse formation in neurons

Functional Properties of the Neuronal Nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptor β3 Promoter in the Developing Central Nervous System

Morphogenetic roles of acetylcholine.

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