Expression of myelin basic protein in the human auditory nerve—An immunohistochemical and comparative study

Liu, Wei; Boström, Marja; Kinnefors, Anders; Linthicum, Fred H.; Rask‐Andersen, Helge

doi:10.1016/j.anl.2011.04.007

Cited by 23 publications

(27 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…Continuity of the p75 NTR labeling from the peri-nuclear region of the SCs to the linear fibrous structures, and the loss of P75 NTR immunoreactivity from the peripheral nerve bundles between the habenula perforata and the nerve endings in the organ of Corti, on both DABtreated and immunofluorescent sections, suggested a glial source of the p75 NTR in human cochlea. The organ of Corti having only non-myelinated nerves has been well known and was confirmed by our immunohistochemical investigation (Liu et al 2012).…”

Section: Identification Of P75 Ntr -Immunostained Human Cochlear Strusupporting

confidence: 82%

“…In our experience, MBP is a reliable marker for revealing, with a balanced clarity from 8th cranial nerve within the internal acoustic meatus (IAM) to habenula perforata, the location of both central and peripheral processes of SGNs in addition to their myelin sheaths. We did not use tubulin, a commonly used neuron marker, because it poorly demonstrated the dendrites of human SGNs (Liu et al 2012). In addition, nuclear staining and bright-field imaging helped recognize the nerve fibers, the cell bodies of SGNs, the SGCs, and other cell types in the cochlea.…”

Section: Identification Of P75 Ntr -Immunostained Human Cochlear Strumentioning

confidence: 99%

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Distribution of P75 neurotrophin receptor in adult human cochlea—an immunohistochemical study

et al. 2012

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Mechanisms underlying the unique survival property of human spiral neurons are yet to be explored. P75 (p75(NTR)) is a low affinity receptor for neurotrophins and is known to interact with Trk receptors to modulate ligand binding and signaling. Up-regulation of this receptor was found to be associated with apoptosis as well as with cell proliferation. Its distribution and injury-induced change in expression pattern in the cochlea have been mainly studied in rodents. There is still no report concerning p75(NTR) in post-natal human inner ear. We analyzed, for the first time, p75(NTR) expression in five freshly fixed human cochleae by using immunohistochemistry techniques, including myelin basic protein (MBP) as a myelin sheath marker and TrkB as the human spiral neuron marker, and by using thin optical sectioning of laser confocal microscopy. The inner ear specimens were obtained from adult patients who had normal pure tone thresholds before the surgical procedures, via a trans-cochlear approach for removal of giant posterior cranial fossa meningioma. The expression of p75(NTR) was investigated and localized in the glial cells, including Schwann cells and satellite glial cells in the Rosenthal canal, in the central nerve bundles within the modiolus, and in the osseous spiral lamina of the human cochleae. The biological significance of p75(NTR) in human cochlea is discussed.

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Section: Identification Of P75 Ntr -Immunostained Human Cochlear Strusupporting

confidence: 82%

Section: Identification Of P75 Ntr -Immunostained Human Cochlear Strumentioning

confidence: 99%

Distribution of P75 neurotrophin receptor in adult human cochlea—an immunohistochemical study

et al. 2012

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“…This observation suggests that there is a slower deterioration of SGCs in humans (Fayad and Linthicum, 2006). BDNF and NT‐3 may be secreted by surrounding Schwann cells or satellite cells, because their receptors have been localized in the human spiral ganglion (Liu et al, 2011a, b). Also, receptors (c‐ret for GDNF and isoforms) have been localized in the human spiral ganglion (Liu et al, 2011a, b; unpublished observations).…”

Section: Human Spiral Ganglion and CImentioning

confidence: 99%

“…BDNF and NT‐3 may be secreted by surrounding Schwann cells or satellite cells, because their receptors have been localized in the human spiral ganglion (Liu et al, 2011a, b). Also, receptors (c‐ret for GDNF and isoforms) have been localized in the human spiral ganglion (Liu et al, 2011a, b; unpublished observations). It is highly plausible that several unrecognized intercellular signaling systems prevail in the human cochlea.…”

Section: Human Spiral Ganglion and CImentioning

confidence: 99%

Human Cochlea: Anatomical Characteristics and their Relevance for Cochlear Implantation

Rask‐Andersen

Liu

Erixon

et al. 2012

The Anatomical Record

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142

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This is a review of the anatomical characteristics of human cochlea and the importance of variations in this anatomy to the process of cochlear implantation (CI). Studies of the human cochlea are essential to better comprehend the physiology and pathology of man's hearing. The human cochlea is difficult to explore due to its vulnerability and bordering capsule. Inner ear tissue undergoes quick autolytic changes making investigations of autopsy material difficult, even though excellent results have been presented over time. Important issues today are novel inner ear therapies including CI and new approaches for inner ear pharmacological treatments. Inner ear surgery is now a reality, and technical advancements in the design of electrode arrays and surgical approaches allow preservation of remaining structure/function in most cases. Surgeons should aim to conserve cochlear structures for future potential stem cell and gene therapies. Renewal interest of round window approaches necessitates further acquaintance of this complex anatomy and its variations. Rough cochleostomy drilling at the intricate ''hook'' region can generate intracochlear bone-dust-inducing fibrosis and new bone formation, which could negatively influence auditory nerve responses at a later time point. Here, we present macro-and microanatomic investigations of the human cochlea viewing the extensive anatomic variations that influence electrode insertion. In addition, electron microscopic (TEM and SEM) and immunohistochemical results, based on specimens removed at surgeries for lifethreatening petroclival meningioma and some well-preserved postmortal tissues, are displayed. These give us new information about structure as well as protein and molecular expression in man. Our aim was not to formulate a complete description of the complex human anatomy but to focus on aspects clinically relevant for electric stimulation, predominantly, the sensory targets, and how surgical atraumaticity best could be reached.

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“…This is mainly due to difficulty in obtaining properly fixed human inner ear tissues. Data from animal study sometimes cannot reflect the situation in human (Linthicum and Fayad, 2009;Liu et al, 2012). Results from postmortem human cochlear specimen are usually compromised by a long interval between the decease of the patient and fixation of the temporal bone leading to tissue deterioration.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Distribution of pejvakin in human spiral ganglion: An immunohistochemical study

Liu

Kinnefors

Boström

et al. 2013

Cochlear Implants International

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Up to 10% of permanent hearing impairments in children originate from lesions in the neuronal auditory pathway. This form of auditory neuron injury called auditory neuropathy features a preservation of outer hair cell integrity but an impaired inner hair cell function and/or neuronal transmission. DFNB59 gene encodes the protein pejvakin (PJVK) and its mutations cause autosomal recessive auditory neuropathy as well as other forms of sensorineural hearing loss. The finding of distinct forms of hearing anomalies was based on studies of consanguineous families from different ethnic groups as well as studies in mice with PJVK gene mutations. In the present immunohistochemical study, the distribution of pejvakin protein in surgically obtained human cochleae was for the first time investigated. The human cochleae had normal hearing thresholds before the operation. The expression of pejvakin was located in the cell bodies of all spiral ganglion neurons rather than the nerve fibers that were labeled with Tuj 1 antibody. As Tuj 1 antibody stained the cytoplasm of Type 1 cells, pejvakin antibody labeled both type 1 and type 2 cells. The nuclei of the neurons were also PJVK-positive. No labeling was seen in the structures within the organ of Corti and the stria vascularis. In the previous study, PJVK had been detected in the hair cells, the spiral ganglion, the cochlear nuclei, the superior olivary nucleus, and the inferior colliculus in mouse. Our study demonstrated for the first time the expression of PJVK in human spiral ganglion neurons. Its functional role in neural signal propagation and synchrony needs further elucidation.

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Expression of myelin basic protein in the human auditory nerve—An immunohistochemical and comparative study

Cited by 23 publications

References 19 publications

Distribution of P75 neurotrophin receptor in adult human cochlea—an immunohistochemical study

Distribution of P75 neurotrophin receptor in adult human cochlea—an immunohistochemical study

Human Cochlea: Anatomical Characteristics and their Relevance for Cochlear Implantation

Distribution of pejvakin in human spiral ganglion: An immunohistochemical study

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