Expression of mRNA coding for TNFα, IL-1β and IL-6 by cells infiltrating retinal membranes

Abstract

The present findings indicate that cellular activation may occur during the development of PVR, and suggest that these cytokines may be locally produced by cells infiltrating epiretinal membranes. The presence of IL-1 beta, IL-6 and TNF alpha mRNA-positive cells within retinal membranes provides further evidence of a pathogenic role of these cytokines in proliferative vitreoretinopathy.

Thrombin Regulates Chemokine Induction during Human Retinal Pigment Epithelial Cell/Monocyte Interaction

“…They have been identified on epiretinal membranes removed surgically from patients with proliferative vitreoretinopathy and on epiretinal membranes produced experimentally. 39,40 In this study, thrombin generally potentiated exogenous IL-1␤-and TNF-␣-induced IL-8, MCP-1, and IL-6 production by HRPE cells, monocytes, and HRPE cell/monocyte co-cultures. Synergistic effects of thrombin and IL-1␤ on IL-8 production by HRPE cell/ monocyte co-cultures were particularly prominent.…”

Predominance of MMP-1 and MMP-2 in Epiretinal and Subretinal Membranes of Proliferative Vitreoretinopathy

“…In vivo, these cytokines are also able to enhance MMP production in vitreous humour (Kosnosky et al, 1994). This is of special relevance to the pathogenesis of PVR, as TNFα is the predominant cytokine found in the extracellular matrix of epiretinal membranes (Limb et al 1994a(Limb et al , 1994b. It is therefore conceivable that TNFα may be responsible for the release of MMPs and TIMPs within the detached retina.…”

Subretinal fluid from rhegmatogenous retinal detachment and blood induces the expression of ICAM-1 in the human retinal pigment epithelium (ARPE-19) in vitro

“…33,34 Increased levels of proinflammatory cytokines, such as TNF-a, IFN-g, or IL-1b, that could induce ICAM-1 expression have been reported in patients with PVR. [35][36][37] A previous study that compared the vitreous levels of ICAM-1 between patients with a high risk of PVR and those with a lower risk indicated that ICAM-1 expression was a risk indicator for PVR in RRD. 38 However, our data provide additional information indicating that ICAM-1 expression in RPE cells is elevated following RRD, even when RRD has not progressed to PVR.…”