Expression of mRNA and protein of nucleoproteins during human spermiogenesis

Steger, Klaus; Klonisch, Thomas; Gavénis, Karsten; Drabent, Birgit; Doenecke, Detlef; Bergmann, Martin

doi:10.1093/molehr/4.10.939

Cited by 145 publications

(105 citation statements)

References 38 publications

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“…Some histone variants such as testis specific histone H2B variant, TH2B and testis specific histone H1, H1t are present from early spermatogenic cells to the round spermatid stage [67], [68], [69]. However, variants of H2A such as H2AL1/2, H2A.Bbd, or of H1, such as H1t2 and Hils1, are specifically incorporated during the histone-to-protamine exchange in round/elongating spermatids [70], [71], [72], [73].…”

Section: Global Chromatin Remodeling During Spermiogenesismentioning

confidence: 99%

Parental epigenetic control of embryogenesis: a balance between inheritance and reprogramming?

Gill

Erkek

Peters

2012

Current Opinion in Cell Biology

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At fertilization, fusion of two differentiated gametes forms the zygote that is capable of forming all of the varied cell lineages of an organism. It is widely thought that the acquisition of totipotency involves extensive epigenetic reprogramming of the germline state into an embryonic state. However, recent data argue that this reprogramming is incomplete and that substantial epigenetic information passes from one generation to the next. In this review we summarize the changes in chromatin states that take place during mammalian gametogenesis and examine the evidence that early mammalian embryogenesis may be affected by inheritance of epigenetic information from the parental generation.

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Section: Global Chromatin Remodeling During Spermiogenesismentioning

confidence: 99%

Parental epigenetic control of embryogenesis: a balance between inheritance and reprogramming?

Gill

Erkek

Peters

2012

Current Opinion in Cell Biology

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“…Humans express two types of protamines, protamine 1 (P1) and protamine 2 (P2), expressed in the post-meiotic haploid spermatid and stored in messenger ribonuclear protein (mRNP) particles [Steger et al 1998;Steger 1999], and translated in the elongating spermatid [Steger 2001;Steger et al 2002]. The temporal uncoupling of transcription and translation prevents precocious chromatin condensation and spermatogenic arrest [Lee et al 1995].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Identification of Genetic Variation in the 5′ and 3′ Non-coding Regions of the Protamine Genes in Patients with Protamine Deregulation

Hammoud

Emery

Aoki

et al. 2007

Archives of Andrology

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Deregulation of sperm nuclear protamine ratio (P1=P2) has been shown to correlate with male factor infertility in humans, but the cause of this abnormal protein expression has yet to be identified. Recent studies have shown that there is little genetic variability in the coding regions of either of the protamine gene sequences. However, these studies did not investigate the 5 0 or 3 0 non-coding regions of these genes for mutations that might account for changes in the transcriptional or translational regulation of the protamines.In an effort to determine if genetic variation in these non-coding regions may account for aberrant protamine expression, we have sequenced the 5 0 and 3 0 untranslated regions (UTRs) of both protamine 1 (P1) and protamine 2 (P2) genes in a population of infertile men with protamine deregulation, men presenting for infertility work-up with normal protamine ratios, and a population of unrelated, fertile men from the Utah Genetic Reference Project (UGRP). This analysis has identified 14 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), of which 13 were novel SNPs in the UTRs of P1 and P2, and verified the existence of a variable length repeat (VLR), GA n , in the P2 5 0 region. The SNP frequencies and VLR allelic frequencies did not achieve statistical significance between the populations, however, one of the SNPs identified in the 3 0 UTR of protamine 2 was found at a low frequency in the abnormal protamine patients, but was completely absent in men with verified normal protamine ratio and donors of known fertility.In conclusion, a number of SNPs have been reported in the protamine genes and the untranslated regions, however, these gene variants do not appear to be responsible for protamine deficiency. Hence, the underlying cause for aberrant protamine expression may possibly be due to abnormalities in candidate spermatogenic transcriptional=translational regulators, post-translational modifiers, or as-of-yet unidentified factors affecting the testicular environment.

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“…Celle-ci a 6t6 mise en 6vidence chez l'homme notamment ( Figure 1): TP1 : les ARNm de TP1 sont pr6sents du stade 2 au stade 4 des spermatides alors que la prot6ine n'est synth6tis6e qu'aux stades 3 et 4 [190,220,221]. Le transcrit est exprim6 faiblement dans les spermatides de stade 4 ; ~ l'inverse la prot6ine est pr6sente ~ un taux maxireal ~ ce stade [190]. Ces observations sugg6-rent l'existence d'une r6gulation ~ la fois transcriptionnelle et traductionnelle de l'expression de TP1 (voir infra).…”

Section: Spermiogeneseunclassified

“…Le g6ne est exprim6 tr6s faiblement [190,220,221]. Ceci pourrait ~tre secondaire/~ une instabilit5 avec d~gradation rapide des ARNm de TP2.…”

Section: Spermiogeneseunclassified

Les gènes de la spermatogènese et leur régulation

Drouineaud¹,

Jimenez²

2000

Androl.

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RESUMELa production de spermatozoides r6sulte d'un processus complexe et coordonn6 de division et de diff6renciation cellulaires appel6 spermatogen~se. Chacune des 6tapes de ce processus, mitose, m6iose et spermiogen~se est sous le contrfle de g~nes exprim6s de mani~-re diff6rentielle dans le testicule.Le syst~me c-kit/SCF r6gule la prolif6ration des spermatogonies tandis que l'6quilibre entre rexpression des g~nes pro-et anti-apoptotiques permet d'en limiter le nombre.La m6iose est sous le contr61e de plusieurs familles de g~nes : 1) les g~nes des prot6ines structurales nucl6aires [lamines, histones, prot6ines du complexe synapton6mal] ; 2) les g~nes codant pour les enzymes du m6tabolis-me 6nerg6tique [PGK, HK, PGAM ...] ; 3) les gbnes codant pour les prot6ines de r6paration de rADN et de la recombinaison m6iotique ; 4) les g~nes du cycle cellulaire (gbnes suppresseurs de tumeur, g~nes du complexe cycline/CDC2, prot6ine HSP 70-2); 5) les gbnes ckit/SCF. Enfin, le remodelage chromatinien survenant durant la spermiogen~se et refl6tant la transformation d'un noyau actif sur le plan transcriptionnel en noyau spermatique quiescent, n6cessite une expression s6quentielle contr6-16e des prot6ines basiques de liaison/t I'ADN : dans les spermatides les prot6ines histones et non histones sont remplac6es par les prot6ines de transition qui/~ leur tour sont remplac6es par les protamines dans les spermatides en voie d'allongement.Parmi les g~nes exprim6s au cours de la spermatogen~se, on distingue : les g~nes exprim6s exclusivement au cours de la spermatogen~se ; les g~nes codant pour une isoenzyme ou un isotype sp6cifiquement testiculaire de prot6ines s'exprimant dans les cellules somatiques (enzymes du m6tabolisme 6nerg6tique)Les g~nes exprim6s au cours de la spermatogen~se, sp6cifiques ou non, subissent une r6gulation transcriptionnelle et/ou traductionnelle.La r6gulation transcriptionnelle des g~nes est essentiellement assur6e par des facteurs de transcription qui peuvent 6tre sp6cifiques des cellules germinales ou g6n6raux mais exprim6s de mani~re differentielle dans les cellules germinales. Les g~nes des facteurs de transcription sont eux-m6mes soumis fi une r6gulation particuli~re. Certains g~nes exprim6s dans le testicule r6sultent de l'utilisation d'un promoteur alternatif.La r6gulation post-transcriptionnelle peut6tre assur6e par un 6pissage alternatif des ARN ou l'arr6t au niveau d'un site de polyad6nylation variable.Des s6quences r6gulatrices des r6gions 5' et 3' UTR contr61ent la traduction des g~nes. La longueur de la queue poly-A et certaines prot6ines se liant au niveau des r6gions 3' et 5' jouent un r61e majeur dans la r6gulation traductionnelle des g~nes.

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Expression of mRNA and protein of nucleoproteins during human spermiogenesis

Cited by 145 publications

References 38 publications

Parental epigenetic control of embryogenesis: a balance between inheritance and reprogramming?

Parental epigenetic control of embryogenesis: a balance between inheritance and reprogramming?

Identification of Genetic Variation in the 5′ and 3′ Non-coding Regions of the Protamine Genes in Patients with Protamine Deregulation

Les gènes de la spermatogènese et leur régulation

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