Expression of Microbiota, Toll‐like Receptors, and Their Regulators in the Small Intestinal Mucosa in Celiac Disease

Kalliomäki, Marko; Satokari, Reetta; Lähteenoja, Hannu; Vähämiko, Sanna; Grönlund, Juhani; Routi, Taina; Salminen, Seppo

doi:10.1097/mpg.0b013e318241cfa8

Cited by 100 publications

(89 citation statements)

References 37 publications

(56 reference statements)

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“…Other studies performed by DGGE of the microbiota of adults clustered the dominant microbial communities of healthy individuals together and separated from those of untreated CD patients (76). However, the above study reported an increased prevalence in Bifidobacterium bifidum in patients with active CD as opposed to the lower bifidobacteria numbers detected in CD patients in our studies (71,72,77) or the absence of differences reported in another study (79). In Sweden, an early study with samples collected in 1985-1996 revealed that rod-shaped bacteria were frequently associated with the mucosa of CD patients; both in the active phase and treated with a GFD, as detected by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) (74).…”

Section: 3-influence Of Intestinal Microbiota In CD Pathogenesiscontrasting

confidence: 54%

Influence of intestinal microbiota in celiac disease pathogenesis and risk

Sevilla¹

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Hace constar que:La memoria titulada "Influence of Intestinal Microbiota in Celiac Disease Pathogenesis and Risk" que presenta Marta Olivares Sevilla para optar al grado de Doctor por la Universidad Politécnica de Valencia, ha sido realizada en el del Instituto de Agroquímica y Tecnología de Alimentos (IATA-CSIC) bajo su dirección y que reúne las condiciones para ser defendida por su autora. Esta Tesis es el resultado de casi 6 años de trabajo en los que he tenido la suerte de conocer a muchísimas personas que forman parte de esta tesis y de mi vida.En primer lugar, me gustaría dar las gracias al programa JAE del CSIC por la concesión de la beca predoctoral que he disfrutado durante estos años.Mi agradecimiento más especial es para Yolanda, por darme esta gran oportunidad y por descubrirme el mundo de las bacterias que viven en nuestro cuerpo. Gracias por tu confianza, cercanía y por estar siempre de buen humor. He aprendido muchísimo contigo y te lo agradeceré siempre.También me gustaría darle las gracias a Moisés, por su tiempo y su dedicación durante mis primeros años. A todos mis compañeros del laboratorio, que han sido y son tantos que no los puedo enumerar, por toda la ayuda, consejos y los innumerables buenos momentos. A Luis Izquierdo por estar siempre disponible para ayudarnos con la estadística. Y en general, a todo el personal del IATA y del SCSIE que, de una u otra manera, también han contribuido a esta tesis.Gracias a Ludmila Tuckova y a Jana Cinova de la Academia de las Ciencias de la República Checa, y a Nina Lin de la Universidad de Michigan, por su bienvenida y atención durante mi estancia en sus laboratorios.En esta tesis también hay mucho trabajo de clínicos y personal de diversos hospitales que han colaborado en la recolección de muestras. En este sentido, Gemma Castillejo del Hospital Universitario de Reus merece una mención especial.Gracias a Guille y todos los chicos de Obsolete Letterpress por ayudarme con la maquetación y la portada de esta tesis.Por último, gracias a mis amigos por las bromas sobre mi trabajo. Y con especial cariño, gracias a mis padres por creer en mí de manera incondicional, y a mi hermana Alicia por sus inteligentes consejos. Agradecimientos 8 9Celiac disease (CD) is a chronic enteropathy triggered by cereal gluten proteins in genetically predisposed individuals. The etiology is strongly associated with the genes of the human leukocyte antigen (HLA) encoding the DQ2/DQ8 molecules. Most CD patients carry this genotype but this is also present in the 40% of the general population and only a small percentage develops the disease. Thus, the HLA-DQ genotype is necessary but not solely responsible for the disease development. Gluten is the main environmental trigger but its intake neither fully explains the onset nor its clinical manifestations. Other environmental factors (e.g. early feeding practices, infections, intestinal microbiota) have been associated with the risk of developing CD.The only treatment for CD patients is the adherence to a gluten free diet (GFD), but ...

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Section: 3-influence Of Intestinal Microbiota In CD Pathogenesiscontrasting

confidence: 54%

Influence of intestinal microbiota in celiac disease pathogenesis and risk

Sevilla¹

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“…Indeed, deviations in faecal and duodenal microbiota associated with CD have been reported (149,(151)(152)(153) , although recent studies utilising high-throughput methods have reported comparable microbiota compositions in patients and healthy controls (154)(155)(156)(157) . A recent study utilising a highthroughput microarray method in analysing duodenal biopsies of paediatric CD patients in Finland found that while the overall microbiota composition was comparable between CD and healthy subjects, a profile of eight bacterial groups was observed to distinguish patients from healthy controls (157) .…”

Section: Coeliac Diseasementioning

confidence: 99%

“…Interestingly, polysaccharide A produced by B. fragilis has been shown to induce the differentiation of Th1-type immune cells (128) . In addition, a decreased duodenal expression of TLR2 and increased expression of TLR9 and IL-8 have been observed in infants with CD (155) . It has been suggested that increased TLR9 signalling in the duodenum may contribute to the Th1 response found in the small intestinal mucosa of CD subjects (155,157) .…”

Section: Coeliac Diseasementioning

confidence: 99%

“…In addition, a decreased duodenal expression of TLR2 and increased expression of TLR9 and IL-8 have been observed in infants with CD (155) . It has been suggested that increased TLR9 signalling in the duodenum may contribute to the Th1 response found in the small intestinal mucosa of CD subjects (155,157) . Furthermore, the expression of tight junction protein coding ZO-1 is significantly downregulated in untreated CD patients when compared to patients with treated CD (157) .…”

Section: Coeliac Diseasementioning

confidence: 99%

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Intestinal microbiota during early life – impact on health and disease

et al. 2014

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In the first years after birth, the intestinal microbiota develops rapidly both in diversity and complexity while being relatively stable in healthy adults. Different life-style-related factors as well as medical practices have an influence on the early-life intestinal colonisation. We address the impact of some of these factors on the consecutive microbiota development and later health. An overview is presented of the microbial colonisation steps and the role of the host in that process. Moreover, new early biomarkers are discussed with examples that include the association of microbiota and atopic diseases, the correlation of colic and early development and the impact of the use of antibiotics in early life. Our understanding of the development and function of the intestinal microbiota is constantly improving but the long-term influence of early-life microbiota on later life health deserves careful clinical studies.Microbiota development: Human milk oligosaccharides: Weaning: Biomarker bacteria:Allergy and atopic diseases: Colic: Antibiotics

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“…Higher densities of TLR4+ cells were found in active CD patients vs controls [130] . Recently, Kalliomäki et al [131] demonstrated that expression of IL-8 mRNA (marker of intestinal inflammation) and TLR-2 mRNA significantly increased in duodenal biopsies of active celiacs compared with treated celiacs and controls, while expression of TOLLIP mRNA was down-regulated.…”

Section: Stasismentioning

confidence: 99%