Expression of leptin in colorectal adenocarcinoma showed significant different survival patterns associated with tumor size, lymphovascular invasion, distant metastasis, local recurrence, and relapse of disease in the western province of Saudi Arabia

Abstract

Leptin phenotype has been suggested to be a possible biomarker for the diagnosis and prognosis of different neoplasms. Nonetheless, there are conflicts among the outcomes found in several tumors, and little is proven concerning the correlation between the phenotype of leptin and its clinical significance in colorectal carcinomas. This study will describe the phenotype of leptin in colorectal adenocarcinomas, and investigate its correlation with clinicopathological factors.Two hundred and twenty eight tissue samples include 155 colorectal carcinomas, 40 adenomas, and 33 noncancerous cases were utilized in constructing tissue microarrays which have been used in the revealing of leptin expression using leptin monoclonal antibody and immunohistochemistry staining protocol.Immunoexpression of leptin was recognized in 145 (93.5%) of colorectal tumors and 56 (76.7%) cases of control group. Histotype was considerably associated with leptin phenotype (P = .000), there is up regulation in leptin expression in colorectal carcinoma cases. Significantly higher proportion of negative leptin immunostaining cases were observed in tumors which have size more than 5 cm (P = .045). Whereas, significant different survival patterns were observed in positive cases regarding tumor size, lymphovascular invasion, distant metastasis, local recurrence and relapse of disease (P-values .046, .011, .000, .013, and .001, respectively). On the other hand, positive leptin staining colorectal tumors with size <5 cm, and with no distant metastases, local recurrence, or disease relapse had significantly better survival estimates. However, leptin immunostaining did not show noteworthy associations with age, gender, differentiation, tumor location, stage, margins involvement, lymphovascular invasion, and lymph node metastasis.The current study shows up regulation in leptin expression in colorectal adenocarcinoma compared with noncancerous control cases. Thus, immunohistochemical staining of leptin in colorectal cancer could be a helpful tool in the prediction of prognosis and survival pattern of colorectal cancer with certain clinicopathological factors (tumor size, lymphovascular invasion, distant metastasis, local recurrence, and relapse of disease).

Leptin Overexpression as a Poor Prognostic Factor for Colorectal Cancer

“…However, previous findings regarding leptin expression and CRC risk have been conflicting. It could be due to sample size, diversity of populations, semiquantitative staining protocol, and procedure sensitivity [9]. To address these shortcomings, we obtained and analyzed the required data in the TCGA database and validated the results analyzed by a cohort with a relatively large sample size, which is a key strength of this study.…”

“…Several clinical studies have shown the clinical significance of leptin in CRC [9][10][11][12][13][14], however, the results remained inconsistent. It might be due to a small sample size and different patient population.…”

Adipose-specific Monocyte Chemotactic Protein-1 Deficiency Reduces Pulmonary Metastasis of Lewis Lung Carcinoma in Mice

“…Mice with adipose MCP1 deficiency exhibited lower plasma concentrations of PAI1, leptin, and resistin, particularly those fed the HFD. PAI1 (34,35), leptin (36,37), and resistin (38,39) are proinflammatory cytokines with demonstrated cancer-promoting potential. Depletion of PAI1 inhibited spontaneous metastasis of LLC (33), knockout of leptin receptors mitigated mammary tumorigenesis mediated by mouse mammary tumor virus (40), and inhibition of resistin expression suppressed experimental metastasis of chondrosarcoma in mice (41).…”

Peer Review #1 of "Expression of leptin and leptin receptors in colorectal cancer—an immunohistochemical study (v0.1)"

“…But LEP concentration is the highest in moderately differentiated (G2) cancers compared to poorly differentiated (G3) cancers. Similarly, Al-Maghrabi et al(80) PeerJ reviewing PDF | (2019:05:37549:1:0:REVIEW 5 Jul 2019)…”

“…Staining intensity has been given scores 0, 1, 2, and 3 demonstrating negative, faint, moderate, and strong staining respectively. For simplification of analysis, scores of staining intensity have been grouped as negative, low (1+) and high (2+ and 3+), as was reported previously(74,80) Statistical analysis SPSS software (version 22.0) was used for all statistical calculations. Spearman's rho coefficient was used to determine correlations between the variables.…”