Expression of L1 and N-CAM cell adhesion molecules during development of the mouse olfactory system

Miragall, Fernando; Kadmon, Guni; Schachner, Melitta

doi:10.1016/0012-1606(89)90179-6

Cited by 157 publications

(130 citation statements)

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“…These glial-type cells express both glial fibrillary acidic protein and SlOO (Chuah and Au, 1993) but are morphologically distinct from central astroglia (Doucette, 1990). In addition to agrin, the adhesion molecules laminin (Liesi, 1985), Ll, N-CAM, and E-N-CAM (Miragall et al, 1988(Miragall et al, , 1989 are continuously expressed in the olfactory nerve, possibly related to the ongoing turnover and replacement of olfactory neurons that continue to grow axons into this region throughout adulthood. Thus, expression of agrin in the olfactory nerve may be related to the unique degree of plasticity associated with this structure in the adult.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Localization and alternative splicing of agrin mRNA in adult rat brain: transcripts encoding isoforms that aggregate acetylcholine receptors are not restricted to cholinergic regions

et al. 1994

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Agrin is a protein implicated in the formation and maintenance of the neuromuscular junction.In addition to motor neurons, agrin mRNA has been detected in the brains of embryonic rat and chick and adult marine ray, suggesting that this molecule may also be involved in the formation of synapses between neurons. As a step toward understanding agrin's role in the CNS, we utilized Northern blot and in situ hybridization techniques to analyze the regional distribution and cellular localization of agrin mRNA in the spinal cord and brain of adult rats. The results of these studies indicate that the agrin mRNA is expressed predominantly by neurons broadly distributed throughout the adult CNS. Moreover, expression of agrin mRNA is not restricted to cholinergic structures or regions of the brain receiving cholinergic input. Recently, RNA isolated from rat embryonic spinal cord was shown to contain four alternatively spliced agrin mRNAs, referred to as agrin,, agrin,, agrin,,, and agrin,,, each of which encodes agrin proteins that are active in acetylcholine receptor aggregating assays (Ferns et al., 1992). Using the polymerase chain reaction we demonstrate that all four of these agrin transcripts are expressed within the adult CNS. Agrin,, agrin,, and agrin,, were present in all regions analyzed. In contrast, agrin,, was detected only in forebrain. Results of these studies indicate that both the level of expression and pattern of alternative splicing of agrin mRNA are differentially regulated in the brain. The broad and predominantly neuronal distribution of agrin mRNA in the adult brain suggests that, in addition to its role at the neuromuscular junction, agrin may play a role in formation and maintenance of synapses between neurons in the CNS.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Localization and alternative splicing of agrin mRNA in adult rat brain: transcripts encoding isoforms that aggregate acetylcholine receptors are not restricted to cholinergic regions

et al. 1994

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“…L1 is among several growth-associated genes that are upregulated by neurons after nervous system injury (Daniloff, et al, 1986;Chaisuksunt et al, 2000;Kubasak et al, 2005), however its effects are contradictory. Some studies suggest that L1 CAM reiterates its developmental role following injury, as it is upregulated on sprouting and regenerating axons in many models (Daniloff et al, 1986;Martini and Schachner, 1988;Miragall et al, 1989;Styren et al, 1995;Chalmers et al, 1996;Brook et al, 2000;Kubasak et al, 2005;Chen et al, 2007). However, other studies conclude that L1 is not essential for axonal growth into the injury site (Jakeman et al, 2006) and that nerve growth factor-induced sprouting is even reduced by co-expression of L1 (Chaudhry et al, 2006).…”

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confidence: 99%

L1 cell adhesion molecule is not required for small-diameter primary afferent sprouting after deafferentation

Runyan

Roy²,

Zhong³

et al. 2007

Neuroscience

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L1 is a cell adhesion molecule associated with axonal outgrowth and fasciculation during spinal cord development and may reiterate its developmental role in adults following injury; L1 is upregulated on certain sprouting and regenerating axons in adults, but it is unclear if L1 expression is necessary for, or contributes to, regrowth of axons. This study asks if L1 is required for small-diameter primary afferents to sprout by conducting unilateral dorsal rhizotomies (6 segments; T10-L2) on both wildtype and L1 mutant mice. First we determined that L1 co-localizes substantially with the peptidergic (calcitonin gene-related peptide; CGRP) but minimally with the nonpeptidergic (isolectin B4; IB4) primary afferents in intact wild-type and L1 mutant mice. However, we encountered a complication using IB4 to identify primary afferents post-rhizotomy; we detected extensive abnormal IB4 expression in the dorsal horn and dorsal columns. Much of this aberrant IB4 labeling is associated with fibrous astrocytes and microglia. Five days after dorsal rhizotomy a large decrease in peptidergic and nonpeptidergic afferents is evident on the deafferented side in both wild-type and L1 mutants. Three months after surgery the peptidergic primary afferents sprouted into the center of the denervated dorsal horn in both wild-type and mutant mice, and quantitative analyses confirmed a sprouting density of similar magnitude in both genotypes. In contrast, we did not detect sprouting in the nonpeptidergic primary afferents in either genotype. These results suggest that the absence of L1 neither diminishes nor enhances sprouting of peptidergic small-diameter primary afferent axons following a dorsal rhizotomy. Keywordscell adhesion molecule; denervated; IB4; CGRP; nociceptors; rhizotomy The cell adhesion molecule L1 (L1 CAM) is an axonal glycoprotein and a member of the immunoglobulin superfamily (Kamiguchi et al., 1997). L1 plays a role in axonal outgrowth, fasciculation, and guidance during spinal cord development (Stallcup et al., 1985;Jessell, 1988;Stoeckli and Landmesser, 1995;Orlino et al., 2000;Tran and Phelps, 2000;Akopians et al., 2003) through homophilic and various heterophilic binding partners such as integrins (αVβ3 and α5β1) and the fibroblast growth factor receptor (Kamiguchi and Lemmon, 1997 Publisher's Disclaimer: This is a PDF file of an unedited manuscript that has been accepted for publication. As a service to our customers we are providing this early version of the manuscript. The manuscript will undergo copyediting, typesetting, and review of the resulting proof before it is published in its final citable form. Please note that during the production process errors may be discovered which could affect the content, and all legal disclaimers that apply to the journal pertain. Lemmon, 1997;Castellani et al., 2000). NIH Public AccessMutations in X-linked L1 in humans cause major developmental errors and result in a group of symptoms that include corpus callosum hypoplasia, spastic paraplegia and hydrocephalus (Fran...

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“…44,45 L1 is, however, retained on some unmyelinated axons in the adult. [46][47][48][49] In such cases L1 is presumed to be involved in the maintenance of axon-axon contact in fascicles. Thus the fiber staining we describe may be located on a subset of unmyelinated fibers in the frontal cortex and white matter.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Immunohistochemical localization of the cell adhesion molecules Thy-1 and L1 in the human prefrontal cortex: patients with schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, and depression

1999

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L1 and Thy-1 are members of the immunoglobulin (Ig) superfamily of cell adhesion molecules (CAMs) that are vital for normal neural development. Abnormalities in CAM expression could lead to the histological abnormalities that have previously been described in the frontal cortex of patients with schizophrenia. A postmortem immunohistochemical study of L1 and Thy-1 in the normal human prefrontal cortex revealed positive immunostaining of axons in all layers of the cortex. Quantifying the intensity of immunostaining in the prefrontal cortex of patients with schizophrenia, bipolar disorder and depression failed to reveal any significant differences when compared to that of normal controls.

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Expression of L1 and N-CAM cell adhesion molecules during development of the mouse olfactory system

Cited by 157 publications

References 51 publications

Localization and alternative splicing of agrin mRNA in adult rat brain: transcripts encoding isoforms that aggregate acetylcholine receptors are not restricted to cholinergic regions

Localization and alternative splicing of agrin mRNA in adult rat brain: transcripts encoding isoforms that aggregate acetylcholine receptors are not restricted to cholinergic regions

L1 cell adhesion molecule is not required for small-diameter primary afferent sprouting after deafferentation

Immunohistochemical localization of the cell adhesion molecules Thy-1 and L1 in the human prefrontal cortex: patients with schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, and depression

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