Expression of interleukin-1β, interleukin-8, and interferon-γ in blood samples obtained from healthy and sick neonatal foals

Castagnetti, Carolina; Mariella, Jole; Pirrone, Alessandro; Cinotti, Stefano; Mari, Gaetano; Peli, Angelo

doi:10.2460/ajvr.73.9.1418

Cited by 22 publications

(20 citation statements)

References 29 publications

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“…This is the first study to compare paired culture and cytokine gene expression levels in healthy neonatal foals. Cytokine gene expression results described in the present study were similar to other reports in foals of similar age groups . Gene expression of IFNγ was lower precolostrum and progressively increased over 72 h, similar to previous reports documenting relative IFNγ deficiency in this age group .…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

“…Gene expression of IFNγ was lower precolostrum and progressively increased over 72 h, similar to previous reports documenting relative IFNγ deficiency in this age group . Temporal patterns of IL‐1, IL8 and IFN gene expression were also similar to 10 healthy foals evaluated at birth, 24 and 72 h . Elevation in IL‐10 gene expression may coincide with positive blood cultures in healthy foals, perhaps related to its inhibitory effects on proinflammatory cytokine expression in response to transient bacteraemia.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 86%

“…Gene expression of various cytokines were reported from foals within the first month of life, although without specified ages and health status, host responses were difficult to interpret . In disease, IL‐1 and IL‐8 expression was correlated to clinicopathological variables in septic foals . In a separate report, IL‐8 expression was lower in septic vs. nonseptic foals, though not associated with survival .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Detection of bacteraemia and host response in healthy neonatal foals

Hackett

Lunn

Ferris

et al. 2014

Equine Veterinary Journal

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 86%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Detection of bacteraemia and host response in healthy neonatal foals

Hackett

Lunn

Ferris

et al. 2014

Equine Veterinary Journal

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“…This is supported by both equine [8] and human [45, 46] studies and is biologically plausible as various cell types have different capacities for expressing specific genes. As a result, caution is needed in extrapolating results from such studies directly to the pathogenesis of the systemic inflammatory response to endotoxin.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 71%

Dynamic expression of leukocyte innate immune genes in whole blood from horses with lipopolysaccharide-induced acute systemic inflammation

et al. 2015

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BackgroundIn horses, insights into the innate immune processes in acute systemic inflammation are limited even though these processes may be highly important for future diagnostic and therapeutic advances in high-mortality disease conditions as the systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS) and sepsis. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate the expression of 31 selected blood leukocyte immune genes in an equine model of acute systemic inflammation to identify significantly regulated genes and to describe their expression dynamics during a 24-h experimental period. Systemic inflammation was induced in 6 adult horses by the intravenous injection of 1 μg lipopolysaccharide (LPS) per kg btw. Sixteen blood samples were collected for each horse at predetermined intervals and analyzed by reverse transcription quantitative real-time PCR. Post-induction expression levels for each gene were compared with baseline levels.ResultsSystemic inflammation was confirmed by the presence of clinical and hematological changes which were consistent with SIRS. The clinical response to LPS was transient and brief as all horses except one showed unaltered general demeanor after 24 h. Twenty-two leukocyte genes were significantly regulated at at least one time point during the experimental period. By close inspection of the temporal responses the dynamic changes in mRNA abundance revealed a very rapid onset of both pro- and anti-inflammatory mediators and a substantial variation in both expression magnitudes and duration of changes between genes. A majority of the 22 significantly regulated genes peaked within the first 8 h after induction, and an on-going, albeit tightly controlled, regulation was seen after 24 h despite approximate clinical recovery.ConclusionsThis first broad study of gene expressions in blood leukocytes during equine acute LPS-induced systemic inflammation thoroughly characterized a highly regulated and dynamic innate immune response. These results provide new insights into the molecular mechanisms of equine systemic inflammation.Electronic supplementary materialThe online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12917-015-0450-5) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

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“…Evaluation of blood L-lactate concentration at a single time point is a poor predictor of sepsis (Borchers et al 2012), but is consistently elevated in foals with meningoencephalitis (Viu et al 2012). Cytokine profiles in septic horses have varied widely among studies and are not currently utilised for diagnosis or prognostication of equine sepsis in neonatal foals (Pusterla et al 2006;Gold et al 2007;Burton et al 2009;Castagnetti et al 2012).…”

Section: Diagnosismentioning

confidence: 99%

A review of equine sepsis

Taylor

2015

Equine Veterinary Education

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Summary Sepsis is defined as an exaggerated, systemic inflammatory response to infection and is a common condition in horses. Systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS) associated with bacterial infection is a hallmark of sepsis. Sepsis in neonatal foals is a common sequela of failure of passive transfer and, in addition to development of SIRS, may be characterised by bacteraemia, pneumonia, enterocolitis, omphalophlebitis, meningoencephalitis or arthritis. Sepsis in mature horses is most commonly observed secondary to gastrointestinal lesions that result in disrupted mucosa and bacterial translocation into circulation (endotoxaemia). Pleuropneumonia and metritis may also cause sepsis in mature horses. Diagnosis of sepsis is based on SIRS criteria as well as suspected or confirmed infection. Due to the relatively low sensitivity of microbial culture and the subjectivity of sepsis scoring, many sepsis biomarkers are being studied for their usefulness in diagnosis and prognostication of sepsis in horses. Treatment of sepsis requires an intensive care approach that includes antimicrobial drug administration, fluid resuscitation and pressure support, and treatment for inflammation, endotoxaemia and coagulopathy. Early recognition of sepsis and prompt antimicrobial drug treatment are critical for a successful outcome. Multiple organ dysfunction syndrome may occur in severe cases of sepsis, with common manifestations including laminitis and coagulopathies. Although prognosis for septic mature horses depends highly on the primary disease process, the overall survival rate in septic neonatal foals ranges from 26 to 86%, with most studies indicating a survival rate of 45–60%.

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Expression of interleukin-1β, interleukin-8, and interferon-γ in blood samples obtained from healthy and sick neonatal foals

Abstract: Data have suggested that evaluation of IL-1β expression in sick neonatal foals could help identify those with sepsis.

Cited by 22 publications

References 29 publications

Detection of bacteraemia and host response in healthy neonatal foals

Detection of bacteraemia and host response in healthy neonatal foals

Dynamic expression of leukocyte innate immune genes in whole blood from horses with lipopolysaccharide-induced acute systemic inflammation

A review of equine sepsis

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