Expression of insulin-like growth factor II in human placentas from normal and diabetic pregnancies.

Shen, Shu-Jane; Wang, Chun-Yeh; Nelson, Kimberly K.; Jansen, M.; Ilan, Judith

doi:10.1073/pnas.83.23.9179

Cited by 61 publications

(45 citation statements)

References 32 publications

(24 reference statements)

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“…Apart from the expression of mRNA for IGF-II in the placenta, which has been widely studied (Shen et al 1986, Reynolds et al 1997, few studies have investigated how pregnancy affects the expression of mRNA for IGF-II in non-reproductive tissues. The plasma levels of IGF-II were reduced in the pregnant dams as compared with the virginal animals in this study, which is in contrast to findings in a previous study performed in a similar animal model (Sohlström et al 1998a).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of food restriction and pregnancy on the expression of insulin-like growth factors-I and -II in tIssues from guinea pigs

Olausson¹,

Sohlström²

2003

Journal of Endocrinology

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The insulin-like growth factor (IGF) system is subjected to pregnancy-associated changes in the circulation and is suggested to be of importance for partitioning of nutrients between the mother and the foetus. Interestingly, maternal undernutrition alters the pregnancy-associated changes, with possible adverse consequences for the mother and the foetus. However, it is not known how malnutrition and pregnancy alter the expression of mRNA for IGFs locally in different tissues. The aims of this study were to investigate where IGF-I and IGF-II are expressed in guinea pigs and how this expression is altered during food restriction and pregnancy. Ad libitum-fed and foodrestricted (fed 70% of the ad libitum-fed intake four weeks before pregnancy and throughout the study) guinea pigs were mated. On day 40 of pregnancy and on the corresponding day for virginal females the animals were killed. mRNA for IGF-I and IGF-II was analysed in various organs/tissues by solution hybridisation. mRNA for IGF-I was expressed in high amounts in uterus, liver and adipose tissues. The expression was not affected by food restriction, but was increased in liver and adipose tissue and decreased in uterus by pregnancy. mRNA for IGF-II was expressed in high amounts in the placenta and liver. In the placenta the expression was decreased by food restriction. Pregnancy increased the levels of mRNA for IGF-II in the liver. Food-restricted dams had smaller foetuses and placentas. In conclusion, this study indicates an important role for the adipose tissue during gestation, not only as an energy store but also as an endocrine tissue expressing IGF-I. The decreased expression of IGF-II in the placenta due to food restriction is suggested to have adverse effects on placental structure and function.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of food restriction and pregnancy on the expression of insulin-like growth factors-I and -II in tIssues from guinea pigs

Olausson¹,

Sohlström²

2003

Journal of Endocrinology

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“…Both IGFs-I and -II are synthesized in the placenta (6,7). As the localization of IGFs and IGFBPs was similar, it was suggested that the IGFBPs regulated IGFs within the placenta (8).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Changes in interleukin-6 and IGF system and their relationships in placenta and cord blood in newborns with fetal growth restriction compared with controls

et al. 2006

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Objectives: The IGF system is central to fetal growth. Recently, the relationships between cytokines and the IGF system have been shown in specific tissues. It is unknown whether these occur in the placenta. The aim of this study was to assess whether interleukin-6 (IL-6) modulated the IGF system. Methods: Whole villous tissue and cord serum were collected from fetal growth restriction (FGR) neonates diagnosed before birth with altered Doppler velocimetry and controls. Sixteen FGR and 20 controls, born after week 32 of gestation from elective Caesarean sections, were compared. Total RNA was extracted from the placenta samples, reverse transcribed, and real-time quantitative reverse transcriptase (RT)-PCR was performed to quantify cDNA for IGF-I, IGF-II, IGF binding protein (IGFBP)-1, IGFBP-2, and IL-6. The same proteins were assayed in placenta lysates and cord serum using specific commercial kits and western immunoblotting. Results: FGR subjects had significantly more IGFBPs-1 and -2, and IL-6 mRNA and corresponding proteins in the placenta. In particular, the less phosphorylated isoforms of IGFBP-1 were highly increased. IL-6 and IGFBPs-2 mRNA, and IL-6 and IGFBP-1 peptides were positively and significantly correlated in the placenta. The IGF-II peptide was also significantly increased in FGR placentas. In cord serum, IGFBPs-1 and -2 were significantly more elevated in the FGR neonates. Serum IL-6 was significantly and positively correlated with both IGFBP-1 and IGFBP-2. Conclusions: The placenta of FGR neonates has higher IGF-II, IGFBP-1, IGFBP-2, and IL-6 contents compared with controls. At birth, IGFBPs-1 and -2 are increased in the cord blood of FGR neonates. IL-6 and IGFBP-2 gene expressions are closely related in the placenta. We suggest that the increase in IL-6 and IGFBP-2 could be subsequent to hypoxia and nutrient deficiency. As IGFBP-2 has a strong affinity for IGF-II, which is crucial for fetal growth, it could be an important bioregulator of IGF-II in the placenta.European Journal of Endocrinology 155 567-574

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“…Placental poly(A)+ RNA from differing stages of gestation was separated by electrophoresis through 1% agarose/formaldehyde denaturing minihorizontal submarine slab gels, transferred to nitrocellulose, and baked under vacuum for 2 hr at 80°C as described (30). Total lines (32).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The interleukin 2 gene is expressed in the syncytiotrophoblast of the human placenta.

Boehm

Kelley²,

Ilan³

1989

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

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The lymphokie interleukin 2 is an important immune system regulatory glycopolypeptide. It is produced by antigen-or mitogen-stimulated T lymphocytes and is required for the proliferation or clonal expansion of activated T lymphocytes. In this report, it is demonstrated by RNA transfer blot hybridization that the poly(A)+ RNA population of the human placenta contains a 0.85-kilobase RNA transcript that specifically hybridizes to a human interleukin 2 cDNA probe. By using hybridization histochemistry in situ, it is further shown that interleukin 2 RNA transcripts are localized, primarily, to the syncytial (syncytiotrophoblast) layer of the human placenta. Possible roles for syncytiotrophoblastproduced interleukin 2 are suggested and discussed.Interleukin 2 (IL-2), or T (thymus-dependent)-cell growth factor, is a 15,500-dalton glycoprotein that is produced by T lymphocytes after antigen or mitogen stimulation and is required for proliferation of activated T cells, which possess specific receptors for this growth factor (recently reviewed, refs. 1-9 Extraction and isolation of total RNA were accomplished by using guanidinium isothiocyanate (Fluka; purum) as described (28), and poly(A)+ RNA was selected from the total RNA by passage (twice) through oligo(dT)-cellulose (type 3, Collaborative Research) columns (29).RNA Transfer Blot Hybridization Analysis. Placental poly(A)+ RNA from differing stages of gestation was separated by electrophoresis through 1% agarose/formaldehyde denaturing minihorizontal submarine slab gels, transferred to nitrocellulose, and baked under vacuum for 2 hr at 80°C as described (30). Total RNA from placenta or an RNA ladder (Bethesda Research Laboratories) was separated simultaneously on the same minigels in an adjacent lane and stained with ethidium bromide for RNA size determination. Nitrocellulose-bound poly(A)+ RNA was hybridized with an [a-32P]dCTP nick-translated 700-base-pair (bp) human IL-2 coding region cDNA fragment (Oncor, Gaithersburg, MD) (1-5 x 107 cpm/,ug of DNA, 1 x 106 cpm/ml) in a solution containing 35% (vol/vol) formamide, 0.9 M NaCI/90 mM trisodium citrate, 0.1% sodium pyrophosphate, 0.1 M sodium phosphate (pH 7.0)

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Expression of insulin-like growth factor II in human placentas from normal and diabetic pregnancies.

Cited by 61 publications

References 32 publications

Effects of food restriction and pregnancy on the expression of insulin-like growth factors-I and -II in tIssues from guinea pigs

Effects of food restriction and pregnancy on the expression of insulin-like growth factors-I and -II in tIssues from guinea pigs

Changes in interleukin-6 and IGF system and their relationships in placenta and cord blood in newborns with fetal growth restriction compared with controls

The interleukin 2 gene is expressed in the syncytiotrophoblast of the human placenta.

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