Expression of insulin-like growth factor binding protein-3 in pterygium tissue

Yang

British Journal of Ophthalmology

et al. 2009

166

120

Pterygium is an ocular surface disease of humans attributed to chronic ultraviolet-B exposure. Clinically, the condition involves invasive centripetal growth with associated inflammation and neovascularisation. Previous clinical studies focused primarily on the clinical characteristics and surgical management of pterygia and, because of this, the pathogenesis of pterygia remains incompletely understood. However, considerable progress in this area has been achieved, providing additional insight into this complex disease. This recent evidence implicates antiapoptotic mechanisms, immunological mechanisms, cytokines, growth factors, extracellular matrix modulators, genetic factors, viral infections and other possible causative factors. Limited investigation regarding differences in pathogenesis of primary and recurrent pterygia has been performed. We summarise many of these recent discoveries concerning the pathogenesis of pterygia and describe reported differences between primary and recurrent pterygia.

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The science of pterygia

Yang

British Journal of Ophthalmology

et al. 2009

166

120

Antimicrob Agents Chemother

“…gyrB was used to normalize for transcript quantification, because it has been shown to be not affected by cell density and/or agr (13). Relative RNAIII expression was calculated as the differences in cycle thresholds (⌬C T ) (gyrB C T Ϫ RNAIII C T ) for all samples as previously described (25,47,53). PCR experiments were performed using two biological replicates, each tested in triplicate.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Relationship of agr Expression and Function with Virulence and Vancomycin Treatment Outcomes in Experimental Endocarditis Due to Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus

Seidl

Chen

Bayer

et al. 2011

102

“…69 All protocols complied with the tenets of the Declaration of Helsinki and were approved by the Central Institutional Review Board of Singhealth. Written informed consents were obtained from patient donors.…”

Section: Specimen and Patient Samplesmentioning

confidence: 99%

MicroRNA-215 Regulates Fibroblast Function: Insights from a Human Fibrotic Disease

Lan

Chen

Tong³

2015

Cell Cycle

MicroRNAs are implicated in the regulation of gene expression via various mechanisms in health and disease, including fibrotic processes. Pterygium is an ocular surface condition characterized by abnormal fibroblast proliferation and matrix deposition. We aimed to investigate the role of microRNAs in pterygium and understand the relevant cellular and molecular mechanisms. To achieve this objective, a combination of approaches using surgically excised paired human pterygium and conjunctival tissues as well as cultured primary fibroblast cells from tissue explants were evaluated. Fibroblast dysfunction has been shown to play a central role in pterygium pathology. Here we show that miR-215, among a few others, was down-regulated (2-fold) in pterygium compared to control, and this was consistent in microarray, real-time PCR and fluorescent in-situ hybridization. The effects of increased miR-215 were investigated by adding exogenous miR-215 to fibroblasts, and this showed a decrease in cell proliferation but no significant apoptosis compared to control. Further cell cycle analysis showed that miR-215 depressed progression of cells at G1/S as well as G2/M. A few cell cycle related transcripts were downregulated (2.2-4.5-fold) on addition of miR-215: Mcm3, Dicer1, Cdc25A, Ick, Trip13 and Mcm10. Theoretic binding energies were used to predict miR-215 binding targets and luciferase reporter studies confirmed Mcm10 and Cdc25A as direct targets. In summary, mir-215 could play a role in inhibiting fibroblast proliferation in ocular surface conjunctiva. Dampening of this mir-215 could result in increased fibroblast cell cycling and proliferation, with possibly increased fibroblastic production of matrix, inducing pterygium formation.