Expression of inorganic phosphate/vesicular glutamate transporters (BNPI/VGLUT1 and DNPI/VGLUT2) in the cerebellum and precerebellar nuclei of the rat

Hisano, Setsuji; Sawada, Kazuhiko; Kawano, Mitsuko; Kanemoto, Mizuki; Xiong, Guoxiang; Mogi, Kouichi; Sakata‐Haga, Hiromi; Takeda, Jun; Fukui, Yoshihiro; Nogami, Hisashi

doi:10.1016/s0169-328x(02)00442-4

Cited by 103 publications

(121 citation statements)

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“…VGLUT1 or VGLUT2 protein is located within terminals that form asymmetric synapses typical of classic ionotropic glutamatergic transmission (Fremeau et al, 2001;Herzog et al, 2001;Fujiyama et al, 2004;Hajszan et al, 2004). VGLUT1 is highly expressed in the neocortex, hippocampus and other cortical or limbic structures, whereas VGLUT2 is localized to the diencephalon, midbrain and brainstem (Hayashi et al, 1993;Aihara et al, 2000;Fremeau et al, 2001;Hisano et al, 2002;Ziegler et al, 2002;Stornetta et al, 2002a, b;Lin et al, 2003;Fujiyama et al, 2004). VGLUT2 is the predominant isoform found in the hypothalamus including the PVH (Ziegler et al, 2002;Lin et al, 2003).…”

Section: Technical Considerationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Water deprivation activates a glutamatergic projection from the hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus to the rostral ventrolateral medulla

Stocker

Simmons

Stornetta

et al. 2005

J of Comparative Neurology

122

133

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Elevated sympathetic outflow contributes to the maintenance of blood pressure in water-deprived rats. The neural circuitry underlying this response may involve activation of a pathway from the hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus (PVH) to the rostral ventrolateral medulla (RVLM). We sought to determine whether the PVH-RVLM projection activated by water deprivation is glutamatergic and/or contains vasopressin-or oxytocin-neurophysins. Vesicular glutamate transporter2 (VGLUT2) mRNA was detected by in situ hybridization in the majority of PVH neurons retrogradely labeled from the ipsilateral RVLM with cholera-toxin subunit B (CTB; 85% on average with regional differences). Very few RVLM-projecting PVH neurons were immunoreactive for oxytocin-or vasopressin-associated neurophysin. Injection of biotinylated dextran amine (BDA) into the PVH produced clusters of BDA-positive nerve terminals within the ipsilateral RVLM that were immunoreactive (ir) for the VGLUT2 protein. Some of these terminals made close appositions with tyrosine-hydroxylase-ir dendrites (presumptive C1 cells). In waterdeprived rats (n=4), numerous VGLUT2 mRNA-positive PVH neurons retrogradely labeled from the ipsilateral RVLM with CTB were c-Fos-ir (16-40% depending on PVH region). In marked contrast, few glutamatergic, RVLM-projecting PVH neurons were c-Fos-ir in control rats (n=3; 0-3% depending on PVH region). Most (94 ± 4%) RVLM-projecting PVH neurons activated by water deprivation contained VGLUT2 mRNA. In summary, the majority of PVH neurons that innervate the RVLM are glutamatergic and this population includes the neurons that are activated by water deprivation. One mechanism by which water deprivation may increase the sympathetic outflow is the activation of a glutamatergic pathway from the PVH to the RVLM.

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Section: Technical Considerationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Water deprivation activates a glutamatergic projection from the hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus to the rostral ventrolateral medulla

Stocker

Simmons

Stornetta

et al. 2005

J of Comparative Neurology

122

133

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“…Up to date, VGluTs have received wide investigations in various brain regions, spinal cord, and peripheral structures such as dorsal root ganglion, trigeminal ganglion, cochlea, and retina [7][8][9][10][11][12] . It is noteworthy that although the vestibular-related brain structures have been studied [13,14] , the expression patterns of VGluTs in the peripheral vestibular system, however, remains unclear. The present immunocytochemical study is performed to address this issue.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Localization of vesicular glutamate transporters in the peripheral vestibular system of rat

et al. 2007

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Objective To examine the vesicular glutamate transporters (VGluTs: VGluT1-VGluT3) in the peripheral vestibular system. Methods The vestibular structures, including Scarpa's ganglion (vestibular ganglion, VG), maculae of utricle and saccule, and ampullary cristae, from normal Sprague-Dawley rats were processed immunohistochemically for VGluTs, by avidin-biotinylated peroxidase complex method, with 3-3'-diaminobenzidine (DAB) as chromogen. Results (1) VGluT1 was localized to partial neurons of VG and to the putative primary afferent fibers innervating vestibular end-organs. (2) Intense VGluT3 immunoreactivity was detected in large number of sensory epithelia cells, and weak labeling of VGluT3-positive afferent fibers was in the maculae and ampullary cristae. (3) No or very weak VGluT2 immunoreactivity was observed in the VG and acoustic maculae. Conclusion These results provide the morphological support that glutamate exists in the peripheral vestibular system, and it may play an important role in the centripetal vestibular transmission.

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“…Three isoforms of VGLUT have so far been established. Two are recognized as definitive markers of glutamatergic neurons and their axon terminals (VGLUT1, VGLUT2) (Bellocchio et al, 1998(Bellocchio et al, , 2000Takamori et al, 2000;Fremeau et al, 2001Fremeau et al, , 2002Herzog et al, 2001;Hisano et al, 2002;Hisano, 2003) and a third is expressed by cholinergic and serotonergic neurons (VGLUT3) (Gras et al, 2002;Schafer et al, 2002). VGLUT1 mRNA expression in distinct regions of rat and human brain has been confirmed by in situ hybridization studies (Ni et al, 1994(Ni et al, , 1996Hisano et al, 2002;Hioki et al, 2003;Hisano, 2003).…”

mentioning

confidence: 96%

Vesicular glutamate transporter‐1 colocalizes with endogenous opioid peptides in axon terminals of the rat locus coeruleus

Barr

Bockstaele

2005

Anat. Rec.

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We have previously shown that a subset of axon terminals in the locus coeruleus (LC) containing methionine 5 -enkephalin (ENK) forms type I (asymmetric-type) synaptic specializations that are characteristic of excitatory-type transmitters. In addition, we previously provided ultrastructural evidence showing that ENK is colocalized with glutamate using a combination of preand postembedding immunohistochemistry. To examine cellular substrates for interactions between glutamate and other endogenous opioid peptides in the LC, we examined the localization of the vesicular glutamate transporter 1 (VGLUT1), a transporter protein involved in the accumulation of the transmitter glutamate into synaptic vesicles, with either ENK or preprodynorphin (ppDYN). Dual-immunofluorescence and electron microscopy showed prominent coexistence of VGLUT1 and ENK in varicose processes of the LC, confirming our previous report using postembedding immunolabeling for glutamate. Likewise, VGLUT1 and ppDYN were identified in common varicose processes in the LC using confocal fluorescence microscopy. Immunoelectron microscopy using gold-silver labeling for VGLUT1 and peroxidase labeling for ppDYN established that this endogenous opioid peptide also colocalizes with glutamate transporters. The majority of these formed asymmetric-type synapses. Taken together, these results demonstrate that excitatory LC afferents are enriched with endogenous opioid peptides and are positioned to modulate LC neuronal activity dually. © 2005 Wiley-Liss, Inc. Key words: norepinephrine; excitatory amino acid; dynorphin; encephalin; glutamateThe nucleus locus coeruleus (LC), located on the floor of the fourth ventricle in the rostral pons, provides extensive noradrenergic projections throughout the neuraxis. The collection and processing of salient sensory information having effects on memory, attention and arousal, cardiovascular regulation, antinociception, regulation of anxiety states and stress response have been associated with these neurons (Berridge and Waterhouse, 2003). The LC receives a major glutamatergic input from the medullary nucleus paragigantocellularis (PGi) (Ennis and AstonJones, 1988; Aston-Jones et al., 1991). These afferents also express endogenous opioid peptides, including methionine 5 -enkephalin (ENK) (Drolet et al., 1992).Modulation of postsynaptic glutamate receptors activates LC neurons (Oleskevich et al., 1993;Van Bockstaele et al., 2000), while the activity of LC neurons is inhibited by opioid peptides via activation of an inward rectifying

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Expression of inorganic phosphate/vesicular glutamate transporters (BNPI/VGLUT1 and DNPI/VGLUT2) in the cerebellum and precerebellar nuclei of the rat

Cited by 103 publications

References 18 publications

Water deprivation activates a glutamatergic projection from the hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus to the rostral ventrolateral medulla

Water deprivation activates a glutamatergic projection from the hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus to the rostral ventrolateral medulla

Localization of vesicular glutamate transporters in the peripheral vestibular system of rat

Vesicular glutamate transporter‐1 colocalizes with endogenous opioid peptides in axon terminals of the rat locus coeruleus

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