Expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase in the epithelial linings of odontogenic keratocyst, dentigerous cyst and radicular cyst: A pathological insight

Abstract

Background:The present study is aimed at analyzing the expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) in the epithelial lining of odontogenic keratocyst (OKC), dentigerous cyst (DC), radicular cyst (RC) in order to understand the possible role of iNOS with special reference to its neoplastic nature and local aggressive of cysts.Aim:The primary aim of the following study is to analyze the immunohistochemical expression of iNOS and secondary aim is to compare the iNOS expression, pattern and intensity of staining among the epithelial linings of OKC, DC and RC.Materials and Methods:iNOS in the epithelial lining cells were analyzing in 10 OKC's, 10 DC's and 10 RC's using immunohistochemistry. The percentage of positive cells was assessed and presented as mean ± standard deviation. The correlation with respect to the intensity and percentage of staining within the epithelial linings of OKCs, DCs and RCs was carried out using (analysis of variance and Student's t-test) Chi-square test.Results:Staining intensity of iNOS portion was seen in the entire thickness of the epithelial linings of OKC, whereas in DC's only one case had entire thickness of the epithelial lining staining and in RC's none of the cases showed entire thickness of staining. On comparing the staining intensity of iNOS between OKC, DC and RC groups, using Chi-square test, there was a statistically significant difference between these groups (P < 0.01). On analyzing the immuno-reactivity of iNOS in OKC, DC and RC there was a positive variable expression iNOS between the cysts.Conclusion:iNOS was over expressed in OKCs when compared with DC and RC suggesting that iNOS may contribute to the aggressive behavior of OKC. This is yet another evidence to support that OKC is the neoplasm.

Immunohistochemical expression of GLUT‐1, GLUT‐3, and carbonic anhydrase IX in benign odontogenic lesions

“…Odontogenic lesions differ in regard to their biological behavior . OK show an infiltrative growth with high recurrence rates similar to AMs and differ from DC which presents a slow growth, although it can grow to considerable sizes depending on the stimulus .…”

“…Proescholdt et al studied craniopharyngiomas, benign neoplasms of the brain with a cystic nature, and found that the expression of CA IX was associated with the size of these lesions, which suggested that the degree of expression of CA IX was directly associated with formation and size of the cysts. Swetha et al reported that epithelial cells of the lining of OKs and DCs can release pro‐inflammatory cytokines such as IL‐1α and IL‐6, by autocrine signaling. These cytokines, however, may change the microenvironment and activate the expression of hypoxia‐inducible factor 1‐alpha (HIF 1α), a key regulator of CA IX.…”

Immunohistochemical Expression of CDC7 in Dentigerous Cyst, Odontogenic Keratocyst and Radicular Cyst

“…OKC had an aggressive behavior and tendency to high recurrence, but DC and RC showed slow growth and low recurrence. Although the exact mechanism for this difference is unknown, many studies explain that the epithelium of OKC could be involved in its aggressive behavior (2). However, some stromal components are also involved in this behavior (20).…”

“…Dentigerous cyst (DC) is the most common developmental odontogenic cyst that involves about 24% of the epithelium lined cysts of the jaws (2,3). This slow-growing cyst involves the crown of anunerupted tooth due to changes in the reduced enamel epithelium after completion of amelogenesis that results in aggregation of liquid between the reduced enamel epithelium and tooth crown (2)(3)(4)(5). Odontogenic keratocyst (OKC) is one of the common cysts that accounts for about 11% of all developmental odontogenic cysts (6) originating from the remnants of the dental lamina.…”

Glucose Transporter 1 Expression in Odontogenic Keratocyst, Dentigerous Cyst, and Ameloblastoma: An Immunohistochemical Study

“…[17][18][19][20] The high infiltrative growth of OKC was comparable to AM. Due to this nature of OKC, a change in its terminology was long proposed and suggestions were made to consider it to be a neoplasm instead of a cyst.…”