Expression of
            <i>Sonic hedgehog</i>
            gene in regenerating newt limb blastemas recapitulates that in developing limb buds

Imokawa, Yutaka; Yoshizato, Katsutoshi

doi:10.1073/pnas.94.17.9159

Cited by 118 publications

(89 citation statements)

References 33 publications

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“…Sonic hedgehog (shh) has been identified as the gene responsible for the function of the zone of polarizing activity and for the specification of the anteroposterior (AP) axis in a developing limb bud (Saunders and Gasseling, 1968;Riddle et al, 1993). A similar shh expression pattern was observed in the regenerating urodele blast-ema (Imokawa and Yoshizato, 1997;Torok et al, 1999), and its ectopic expression in the blastema-induced supernumerary digits as in a developing limb bud (Roy et al, 2000). Fibroblast growth factors (FGFs) are important factors in limb development and patterning (Martin, 1998).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 61%

Intercalary and supernumerary regeneration in the limbs of the frog, Xenopus laevis

Shimizu‐Nishikawa¹,

Takahashi²,

Nishikawa³

2003

Developmental Dynamics

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Anuran amphibians, such as Xenopus laevis, can regenerate their limbs only when they are young tadpoles, whereas urodele amphibians have a regenerative ability throughout their lives. It is still unclear whether anuran and urodele use the same mechanism during regeneration. In the present study, we analyzed intercalary and supernumerary regeneration in Xenopus. In contrast to urodele blastema that induces intercalary regeneration along the proximodistal (PD) axis, intercalation did not occur in the Xenopus limb bud when the presumptive zeugopodium (fibula and tibia) was removed. However, when the limb bud tip (presumptive autopodium) was transplanted to the presumptive stylopodium (femur) with a 180-degree rotation at stage 52, the complete zeugopodium was regenerated. These results were similar to the results of urodele mature limbs, suggesting that Xenopus limb buds are equivalent to the urodele mature limbs but not to the urodele blastemas. We hypothesized that the ability for intercalation depends on the expression pattern of fibroblast growth factor (fgf)-8, because the expression of fgf-8 in the urodele spreads over the whole blastema and is close enough to activate the growth of the stump. To test this hypothesis, an FGF-8 -soaked bead was implanted at the boundary between the stump and tip of a Xenopus limb bud. Intercalary regeneration was induced at stages 52 and 53. These results suggest that the Xenopus limb bud possesses the potential for intercalation, but endogenous FGF-8 in the apical ectodermal ridge (AER) does not induce intercalation to the stump because of the long distance between the AER and stump.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 61%

Intercalary and supernumerary regeneration in the limbs of the frog, Xenopus laevis

Shimizu‐Nishikawa¹,

Takahashi²,

Nishikawa³

2003

Developmental Dynamics

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“…4A and Fig. S3), which is similar to the expression pattern observed in fin buds of different fish embryos (16) or regenerating urodele limbs (17). To determine the role of Shh in fin regeneration and patterning, regenerates were exposed to cyclopamine, an inhibitor of Shh signaling, or Hh-Ag1.3, a hedgehog agonist.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Full regeneration of the tribasal Polypterus fin

Cuervo

Hernández-Martínez

Chimal‐Monroy

et al. 2012

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

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Full limb regeneration is a property that seems to be restricted to urodele amphibians. Here we found that Polypterus , the most basal living ray-finned fish, regenerates its pectoral lobed fins with a remarkable accuracy. Pectoral Polypterus fins are complex, formed by a well-organized endoskeleton to which the exoskeleton rays are connected. Regeneration initiates with the formation of a blastema similar to that observed in regenerating amphibian limbs. Retinoic acid induces dose-dependent phenotypes ranging from inhibition of regeneration to apparent anterior–posterior duplications. As in all developing tetrapod limbs and regenerating amphibian blastema, Sonic hedgehog is expressed in the posterior mesenchyme during fin regeneration. Hedgehog signaling plays a role in the regeneration and patterning processes: an increase or reduction of fin bony elements results when this signaling is activated or disrupted, respectively. The tail fin also regenerates but, in contrast with pectoral fins, regeneration can resume after release from the arrest caused by hedgehog inhibition. A comparative analysis of fin phenotypes obtained after retinoic acid treatment or altering the hedgehog signaling levels during regeneration allowed us to assign a limb tetrapod equivalent segment to Polypterus fin skeletal structures, thus providing clues to the origin of the autopod. We propose that appendage regeneration was a common property of vertebrates during the fin to limb transition.

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Section: Developmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Imokawa and Yoshizato (1997) and Torok et al (1999b) showed that shh is expressed in the posterior region of the developing limb bud of axolotls and demonstrated with classic grafting experiments that it fulfills the ZPA polarizing activity as in developing amniote and frog limbs, determining the antero-posterior axis of the limb. Shh is expressed in the early limb bud stage, is strongest in mid limb bud stage and progressively weakened and shifted distally in the late limb bud stage (Imokawa and Yoshizato, 1997). Although the shh-expressing domain seems to be slightly smaller and more proximal in comparison to amniotes and frogs, possibly in accordance with the absence of an AER, the expression pattern is essentially comparable, indicating that salamander limbs have a ZPA that functions similarly to that of other tetrapods (Imokawa and Yoshizato, 1997;Torok et al, 1999a;Stopper and Wagner, 2007).…”

Section: Developmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Shh is expressed in the early limb bud stage, is strongest in mid limb bud stage and progressively weakened and shifted distally in the late limb bud stage (Imokawa and Yoshizato, 1997). Although the shh-expressing domain seems to be slightly smaller and more proximal in comparison to amniotes and frogs, possibly in accordance with the absence of an AER, the expression pattern is essentially comparable, indicating that salamander limbs have a ZPA that functions similarly to that of other tetrapods (Imokawa and Yoshizato, 1997;Torok et al, 1999a;Stopper and Wagner, 2007). Interestingly, Stopper and Wagner (2007) detected shh expression very late in limb development at the three-digit stage via an mRNA preparation of a proximal portion of the limb.…”

Section: Developmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Salamander limb development: Integrating genes, morphology, and fossils

Fröbisch

Shubin

2011

Developmental Dynamics

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The development of the tetrapod limb during skeletogenesis follows a highly conservative pattern characterized by a general proximo‐distal progression in the establishment of skeletal elements and a postaxial polarity in digit development. Salamanders represent the only exception to this pattern and display an early establishment of distal autopodial structures, specifically the basale commune, an amalgamation of distal carpal and tarsal 1 and 2, and a distinct preaxial polarity in digit development. This deviance from the conserved tetrapod pattern has resulted in a number of hypotheses to explain its developmental basis and evolutionary history. Here we summarize the current knowledge of salamander limb development under consideration of the fossil record to provide a deep time perspective of this evolutionary pathway and highlight what data will be needed in the future to gain a better understanding of salamander limb development specifically and tetrapod limb development and evolution more broadly. Developmental Dynamics 240:1087–1099, 2011. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.

show abstract

Expression of Sonic hedgehog gene in regenerating newt limb blastemas recapitulates that in developing limb buds

Abstract: This study aimed at characterizing the Sonic hedgehog (

Cited by 118 publications

References 33 publications

Intercalary and supernumerary regeneration in the limbs of the frog, Xenopus laevis

Intercalary and supernumerary regeneration in the limbs of the frog, Xenopus laevis

Full regeneration of the tribasal Polypterus fin

Salamander limb development: Integrating genes, morphology, and fossils

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