Expression of human β‐defensins‐1 and ‐2 peptides in unresolved chronic periodontitis

Abstract

The present study showed that hBD-1 and -2 were frequently expressed in the granular and spinous layers of gingival epithelia and their expression may be associated with periodontal health and disease.

Periodontal Disease and Gingival Innate Immunity – Who Has the Upper Hand?

“…In addition, compared to the samples from healthy subjects, the level of beta-defensin mRNA expression was lower and less frequently found in samples from periodontitis patients (Dunsche, Acil et al 2002;Bissell, Joly et al 2004). Similar results have also been reported testing mRNA level by in situ hybridization and protein level using immunohistochemistry (Lu, Jin et al 2004;Lu, Samaranayake et al 2005;Hosokawa, Hosokawa et al 2006). These studies suggest a decrease in the expression of hBD-2 and hBD-3 in both patient groups of gingivitis and periodontitis.…”

“…How the expression of various AMPs varies during gingival and periodontal inflammation has been reported by various groups, and these studies show high inter-individual variability in both gene and protein expression of AMPs in patient samples (Dunsche, Acil et al 2002;Lu, Jin et al 2004;Dommisch, Acil et al 2005;Lu, Samaranayake et al 2005). Analyses of gene expression by RT-PCR showed hBD-1 and hBD-2 mRNA expression was less frequently detected in tissues with gingivitis than in healthy gingiva.…”

“…The localization of beta-defensin protein expression also varied among different patient groups. The protein expression of hBD-1 and hBD-2 was mostly found in the granular and spinous cell layer in healthy and diseased gingival tissue samples (Lu, Jin et al 2004). On the contrary, the expression of hBD-3 was found in basal cell layer in healthy samples, while in the basal and spinous cell layers in samples from periodontal disease (Lu, Samaranayake et al 2005).…”

The Role of Chemokines and Cytokines in the Pathogenesis of Periodontal and Periapical Lesions: Current Concepts

“…Gingival epithelium is the first line of host defense, represented not only by its barrier function that physically hamper microbial invasion in gingival sulcus and periodontal soft and mineralized connective tissues, but also by its antimicrobial properties that biologically suppress the propagation of putative pathogens (Darveau et al, 1997, Lu et al, 2004. This epithelium adjacent to a tooth can be classified into three anatomical types: the oral gingival epithelium, the sulcular epithelium, and the junctional epithelium (Hatakeyama et al, 2006).…”

The Effect of Chewing Gum on Periodontal Disease

“…Spruce gum becamethe first chewing gum to be manufactured commercially as "State of Main e Pure Spruce Gum" in 1848. However its use was eventuallyreplaced by paraffin, which is still beingchewed in some areas (3) .…”