Expression of homeobox genes during<i>in vitro</i>culture of<i>Lactuca sativa</i>

Farina, Priscilla; Fambrini, Marco; Pugliesi, Claudio; Viviani, Ambra

doi:10.1080/11263504.2020.1762793

Cited by 3 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 80 publications

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“…Data is limited for lettuce on the effects of the pathways and molecular determinants described in other species. A recent study examined the chronological expression of homeobox genes during in vitro regeneration of lettuce ( Farina et al, 2021 ). Gene expression profiles of lettuce homologs to the homeobox WOX family transcription factor genes WUS ( LsWUS1L and LsWUS2L ) and the KNOTTED1-LIKE homeobox family transcription factor gene ST-M ( LsSTM ), were examined in cotyledon explants over 12 days on inductive medium.…”

Section: Prospects For Enhanced Regeneration In Lettucementioning

confidence: 99%

“…A time course analysis showed a steady increase of expression of LsWUS1 ; in early days of culture, increased expression of LsWUS2L correlated with the formation of poorly vacuolated cells with large nuclei in the explants. Expression of LsSTM1L also drastically increased in early days of culture, followed by a later decrease, suggesting that it helps recruit proteins and regulates expression of genes needed for the initiation of regeneration in lettuce ( Farina et al, 2021 ). This parallels patterns of WUS and STM expression observed early in plant regeneration, specifically during the formation of shoot promeristems and meristematic centers from callus in Arabidopsis ( Daimon et al, 2003 ; Zhang et al, 2017 ).…”

Section: Prospects For Enhanced Regeneration In Lettucementioning

confidence: 99%

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Molecular Determinants of in vitro Plant Regeneration: Prospects for Enhanced Manipulation of Lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.)

Bull

Michelmore

2022

Front. Plant Sci.

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In vitro plant regeneration involves dedifferentiation and molecular reprogramming of cells in order to regenerate whole organs. Plant regeneration can occur via two pathways, de novo organogenesis and somatic embryogenesis. Both pathways involve intricate molecular mechanisms and crosstalk between auxin and cytokinin signaling. Molecular determinants of both pathways have been studied in detail in model species, but little is known about the molecular mechanisms controlling de novo shoot organogenesis in lettuce. This review provides a synopsis of our current knowledge on molecular determinants of de novo organogenesis and somatic embryogenesis with an emphasis on the former as well as provides insights into applying this information for enhanced in vitro regeneration in non-model species such as lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.).

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Section: Prospects For Enhanced Regeneration In Lettucementioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Prospects For Enhanced Regeneration In Lettucementioning

confidence: 99%

Molecular Determinants of in vitro Plant Regeneration: Prospects for Enhanced Manipulation of Lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.)

Bull

Michelmore

2022

Front. Plant Sci.

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“…Time course experiments have often been designed to identify TFs involved in the induction and development of SEs [66][67][68]. In Lactuca sativa, the expression LsWUS1L was almost absent in the early stages of in vitro culture (1-4 days) in the presence of cytokinin and auxin (with a 4:1 ratio), but it gradually increased during the following days (7-12) of culture [69]. Since the onset of the organization of adventitious structures was observed from seven to twelve days, the time-dependent increase in the transcript level of LsWUS1L could be related to the development of buds and/or SEs, as well as the initial organization of SAMs.…”

Section: Somatic Embryogenesismentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Among them are those encoding the homeodomain transcription factors (TFs) WUSCHEL (WUS), AINTEGUMENTA-LIKE (AIL) AP2/ERF-domain TF PLETHORA4/BABY BOOM (PLT4/BBM) or PLT5/EMBRYO MAKER (PLT5/EMK), MADS-box TF AGAMOUS-LIKE15 (AGL15), NF-Y (nuclear factor of the Y box) TF LEAFY COTYLEDON1 (LEC1), B3 TF LEC2 and FUSCA3 (FUS3), MYB TF MYB118 and RWP-RK DOMAIN-CONTAINING4 (RKD4)/GROUNDED (GRD), class I KNOX homeodomain SHOOT MERISTEMLESS1 (STM1), and the receptor kinase CLAVATA1 (CLV1) [46][47][48][49][50][51][52][53][54][55][56][57][58][59][60][61][62][63][64][65]. In addition, a large number of other TFs that are differentially activated during somatic embryogenesis have been identified through time-course analyses (e.g., Somatic Embryogenesis Receptor Kinase (SERK), CUP-SHAPED COTYLEDON1 (CUC1) and CUC2, STM-Like [66][67][68][69]. The broad range of regulatory factors involved in acquiring embryogenic competence suggests that numerous independent and interrelated pathways are functional in this process.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Induction of Somatic Embryogenesis in Plants: Different Players and Focus on WUSCHEL and WUS-RELATED HOMEOBOX (WOX) Transcription Factors

Fambrini

Usai

Pugliesi

2022

IJMS

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In plants, other cells can express totipotency in addition to the zygote, thus resulting in embryo differentiation; this appears evident in apomictic and epiphyllous plants. According to Haberlandt’s theory, all plant cells can regenerate a complete plant if the nucleus and the membrane system are intact. In fact, under in vitro conditions, ectopic embryos and adventitious shoots can develop from many organs of the mature plant body. We are beginning to understand how determination processes are regulated and how cell specialization occurs. However, we still need to unravel the mechanisms whereby a cell interprets its position, decides its fate, and communicates it to others. The induction of somatic embryogenesis might be based on a plant growth regulator signal (auxin) to determine an appropriate cellular environment and other factors, including stress and ectopic expression of embryo or meristem identity transcription factors (TFs). Still, we are far from having a complete view of the regulatory genes, their target genes, and their action hierarchy. As in animals, epigenetic reprogramming also plays an essential role in re-establishing the competence of differentiated cells to undergo somatic embryogenesis. Herein, we describe the functions of WUSCHEL-RELATED HOMEOBOX (WOX) transcription factors in regulating the differentiation–dedifferentiation cell process and in the developmental phase of in vitro regenerated adventitious structures.

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“…Then, the material was dehydrated using a graded ethanol series, and then cleared in Noxil (Italtrade S.p.A., Genova, Italy) with a five-step process according to Ruzin (1999). The serial transverse sections (8 μm thickness) were stained according to Basile et al (2019) and Farina, Fambrini, Pugliesi, and Viviani (2020). The examination of the sections was performed with the Leica DMRB microscope (Leica Microsystems, Wetzlar, Germany) and the photographs were taken with the Canon Power Shot A590 IS digital camera (Canon Inc., Malaysia).…”

Section: Histological Analysesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ray flower initiation in the Helianthus radula inflorescence is influenced by a functional allele of the HrCYC2c gene

Fambrini

Bernardi

Pugliesi

2020

Genesis

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The radiate pseudanthium, with actinomorphic disk flowers surrounded by showy marginal zygomorphic ray flowers, is the most common inflorescence in the Helianthus genus. In Helianthus radula, ray flower primordia are normally absent at the dorsal domain of the inner phyllaries (discoid heads) while the occurrence of radiate inflorescences is uncommon. In Helianthus spp., flower symmetry and inflorescence architecture are mainly controlled by CYCLOIDEA (CYC)-like genes but the putative role of these genes in the development of discoid inflorescences has not been investigate. Three CYC genes of H. radula with a role in ray flower identity (HrCYC2c, HrCYC2d, and HrCYC2e) were isolated. The phylogenetic analysis placed these genes within the CYC2 subclade. We identified two different alleles for the HrCYC2c gene. A mutant allele, designed HrCYC2c-m, shows a thymine to adenine transversion, which generates a TGA stop codon after a translation of 14 amino acids. We established homozygous dominant (HrCYC2c/HrCYC2c) and recessive (HrCYC2c-m/HrCYC2c-m) plants for this nonsense mutation. Inflorescences of both HrCYC2c/HrCYC2c and HrCYC2c/HrCYC2c-m plants initiated ray flowers, despite at low frequency. By contrast, plants homozygous for the mutant allele (HrCYC2c-m/ HrCYC2c-m) failed at all to develop ray flowers. The results support, for the first time, a role of the HrCYC2c gene on the initiation of ray flower primordia. However, also in the two dominant phenotypes, discoid heads are the prevalent architecture suggesting that this gene is required but not sufficient to initiate ray flowers in pseudanthia. Other unknown major genes are most likely required in the shift from discoid to radiate inflorescence.

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Expression of homeobox genes duringin vitroculture ofLactuca sativa

Cited by 3 publications

References 80 publications

Molecular Determinants of in vitro Plant Regeneration: Prospects for Enhanced Manipulation of Lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.)

Molecular Determinants of in vitro Plant Regeneration: Prospects for Enhanced Manipulation of Lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.)

Induction of Somatic Embryogenesis in Plants: Different Players and Focus on WUSCHEL and WUS-RELATED HOMEOBOX (WOX) Transcription Factors

Ray flower initiation in the Helianthus radula inflorescence is influenced by a functional allele of the HrCYC2c gene

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