Expression of ghrelin is correlated to a favorable outcome in invasive breast cancer

Grönberg, Malin; Fjällskog, Marie-Louise; Jirström, Karin; Janson, Eva Tiensuu

doi:10.3109/0284186x.2011.631576

Cited by 39 publications

(56 citation statements)

References 25 publications

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“…Finally, the ghrelin system is also linked to gonadal function (46,47), gut motility (39,48,49,50), and cancer (51,52,53,54), and it is highly likely that this relatively new hormone family will be linked to other medical conditions in the near future.…”

Section: Non-metabolic Actions Of Ag and Dagmentioning

confidence: 99%

MECHANISMS IN ENDOCRINOLOGY: Ghrelin: the differences between acyl- and des-acyl ghrelin

Delhanty

Neggers

Lely

2012

European Journal of Endocrinology

206

180

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Des-acyl ghrelin (DAG) is one of the three preproghrelin gene-encoded peptides. Compared with ghrelin and obestatin, it has not received the attention it deserves. DAG has long been considered an inert degradation product of acyl ghrelin (AG). Recent evidence, however, indicates that DAG behaves like a separate hormone. DAG can act together with AG, can antagonize AG, and seems to have AG-independent effects. Therefore, it is believed that DAG must activate its own receptor and that it may also interact with AG at this receptor. Of potential clinical importance is that an increasing number of studies suggest that DAG might be a functional inhibitor of ghrelin and that DAG can suppress ghrelin levels in humans. Therefore, DAG or DAG analogs might be good candidates for future treatment of metabolic disorders or other conditions in which antagonism of AG actions could be beneficial, such as diabetes, obesity, and Prader-Willi syndrome.

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Section: Non-metabolic Actions Of Ag and Dagmentioning

confidence: 99%

MECHANISMS IN ENDOCRINOLOGY: Ghrelin: the differences between acyl- and des-acyl ghrelin

Delhanty

Neggers

Lely

2012

European Journal of Endocrinology

206

180

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…In particular, native ghrelin and obestatin expression has been found in a high proportion of breast cancer tissues with different grades (Gronberg et al 2012), although its expression does not seem to be increased in breast cancer compared with healthy tissues (Gahete et al 2011a). Indeed, expression of ghrelin and obestatin have been associated with a positive outcome in invasive breast tumor as patients with ghrelin-expressing tumors exhibited 2.5-3 times lower risk for recurrence of breast cancer than those lacking ghrelin expression (Gronberg et al 2012).…”

Section: Adrenal Tumorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ghrelin gene products, receptors, and GOAT enzyme: biological and pathophysiological insight

Gahete

Rincón-Fernández

Villa-Osaba

et al. 2013

Journal of Endocrinology

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Ghrelin is a 28-amino acid acylated hormone, highly expressed in the stomach, which binds to its cognate receptor (GHSR1a) to regulate a plethora of relevant biological processes, including food intake, energy balance, hormonal secretions, learning, inflammation, etc. However, ghrelin is, in fact, the most notorious component of a complex, intricate regulatory system comprised of a growing number of alternative peptides (e.g. obestatin, unacylated ghrelin, and In1-ghrelin, etc.), known (GHSRs) and, necessarily unknown receptors, as well as modifying enzymes (e.g. ghrelin-O-acyl-transferase), which interact among them as well as with other regulatory systems in order to tightly modulate key (patho)-physiological processes. This multiplicity of functions and versatility of the ghrelin system arise from a dual, genetic and functional, complexity. Importantly, a growing body of evidence suggests that dysregulation in some of the components of the ghrelin system can lead to or influence the development and/or progression of highly concerning pathologies such as endocrine-related tumors, inflammatory/cardiovascular diseases, and neurodegeneration, wherein these altered components could be used as diagnostic, prognostic, or therapeutic targets. In this context, the aim of this review is to integrate and comprehensively analyze the multiple components and functions of the ghrelin system described to date in order to define and understand its biological and (patho)-physiological significance.

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“…Previous studies have investigated the effect of ghrelin on breast, ovarian and gastric cancer cell lines, although contradictory results were generated (21)(22)(23)). An anti-proliferation effect has been documented in certain studies (24,25), whereas others have described a potential tumor-promoting role of ghrelin (26,27). It should be taken into consideration, however, that the use of cell lines and administered dose of ghrelin in these studies may not be representative of physiological conditions, underlying the necessity for further in vivo studies to be conducted.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Correlation of ghrelin and growth hormone secretagogue receptor expression with clinical features in human pituitary adenomas

Wang

Guo

Han

et al. 2015

Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine

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Abstract. Ghrelin, as a brain-gut peptide, has growth hormone (GH)-releasing and appetite-inducing activities and a widespread tissue distribution. Furthermore, ghrelin is an endogenous ligand of the GH secretagogue receptor (GHSR), and both ghrelin and GHSR are expressed in the pituitary; however, the data regarding the expression of ghrelin and GHSR in pituitary adenomas are divergent and conflicting. In the present study, therefore, the expression of ghrelin and GHSR was examined in the full spectrum of human pituitary adenoma subtypes (n=34) and in normal pituitary tissue (n=3). The mRNA and protein expression levels were quantified using a competitive reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction and western blotting and the correlation of the results with the clinical parameters was assessed. mRNA and protein expression of ghrelin and GHSR was detected in all samples with the highest mean level in GH adenomas, a moderate level in clinically non-functioning adenomas and the lowest level in adrenocorticotropin adenomas. A significant correlation between the ghrelin and GHSR mRNA expression levels was observed in the GH adenomas (n=12) (r=0.8435, P=0.0006). The ghrelin mRNA expression level in the GH adenomas correlated positively with the basic serum GH level (n=12) (r=0.6488, P=0.0225). Furthermore, the mean level of ghrelin mRNA expression was significantly higher in invasive adenomas than in noninvasive adenomas (P<0.01). Collectively, the results of the study provided evidence that ghrelin and GHSR are expressed in the various subtypes of pituitary adenoma, with specific overexpression in GH adenomas. The study suggests that the binding of ghrelin to GHSR promotes the secretion of GH and plays an important role in the development of GH adenomas via autocrine and/or paracrine effects.

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Expression of ghrelin is correlated to a favorable outcome in invasive breast cancer

Cited by 39 publications

References 25 publications

MECHANISMS IN ENDOCRINOLOGY: Ghrelin: the differences between acyl- and des-acyl ghrelin

MECHANISMS IN ENDOCRINOLOGY: Ghrelin: the differences between acyl- and des-acyl ghrelin

Ghrelin gene products, receptors, and GOAT enzyme: biological and pathophysiological insight

Correlation of ghrelin and growth hormone secretagogue receptor expression with clinical features in human pituitary adenomas

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