Expression of GFP and Bt transgenes in Brassica napus and hybridization with Brassica rapa

Halfhill, Matthew D.; Richards, H. A.; Mabon, Stephen A.; Stewart, C. Neal

doi:10.1007/s001220100613

Cited by 130 publications

(119 citation statements)

References 24 publications

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“…As a result, GM plants in this study might be expected to be smaller and produce fewer seeds than non-GM plants, all else equal. Costs of genetic engineering have not previously been reported for these lines [15] or others [8,13] in the Brassica system, nor in Sunflower [14]. They were observed here perhaps because of the stresses imposed by the mesocosm environments [16].…”

Section: Costs Of Bt Cry1ac Genementioning

confidence: 48%

“…B. rapa spontaneously hybridizes with Brassica napus L. (canola) in the field [22] at rates ranging from 0%-55% in field experiments and greenhouse studies [24][25][26]. F1 generation hybrids with canola are triploid and vegetatively vigorous, but often express reduced fertility relative to the weedy or native parent species [13,15]. However, one study suggests that fertility is quickly reestablished in early backcross generations [8].…”

Section: Plant Materialsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The canola variety "Westar" was genetically modified with markers useful in the tracking of pollen movement and transgene flow [15,18]. Three transgenes were under the control of the CaMV 35S promoter in separate cassettes on a single T-DNA vector: mgfp5-er and a synthetic truncated Bt cry1Ac [12].…”

Section: Plant Materialsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Benefits of Transgenic Insect Resistance in Brassica Hybrids under Selection

et al. 2015

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Field trials of transgenic crops may result in unintentional transgene flow to compatible crop, native, and weedy species. Hybridization outside crop fields may create novel forms with potential negative outcomes for wild and weedy plant populations. We report here the outcome of large outdoor mesocosm studies with canola (Brassica napus), transgenic canola, a sexually compatible weed B. rapa, and their hybrids. Brassica rapa was hybridized with canola and canola carrying a transgene for herbivore resistance (Bt Cry1Ac) and grown in outdoor mesocosms under varying conditions of competition and insect herbivory. Treatment effects differed significantly among genotypes. Hybrids were larger than all other genotypes, and produced more seeds than the B. rapa parent. Under conditions of heavy herbivory, plants carrying the transgenic resistance were larger and produced more seeds than non-transgenic plants. Pollen derived gene flow from transgenic canola to B. rapa varied between years (5%-22%) and was not significantly OPEN ACCESSAgronomy 2015, 5 22 impacted by herbivory. These results confirm that canola-weed hybrids benefit from transgenic resistance and are aggressive competitors with congeneric crops and ruderals. Because some crop and crop-weed hybrids may be competitively superior, escapees may alter the composition and ecological functions of plant communities near transgenic crop fields.

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Section: Costs Of Bt Cry1ac Genementioning

confidence: 48%

Section: Plant Materialsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Benefits of Transgenic Insect Resistance in Brassica Hybrids under Selection

et al. 2015

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“…Experimental work has demonstrated that gene flow can occur between the two species (Jørgensen & Andersen 1994, Mikkelsen et al 1996a. Hybridization between transgenic B. napus and B. rapa has been described and transgenes have been shown to be expressed in the hybrids (Mikkelsen et al 1996b, Halfhill et al 2001, 2002, 2004. If transgenes should provide protection from herbivores, e.g., a Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt ) gene, this could result in an increase in the reproductive fitness of the recipient (Stewart et al 1997).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Risk assessment ofBacillus thuringiensisin wildBrassica rapa:A field simulation of introgressed transgenes

Sutherland

Poppy

2005

Journal of Plant Interactions

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Brassica crops are able to hybridize with closely related wild and weedy species such as Brassica rapa and therefore these species could become recipients of transgenes from GM brassica crops, such as oilseed rape. Transgenes which protect against herbivory, such as a gene conferring the production of a Bt toxin, could increase the recipient's fitness and therefore enhance its competitiveness. We used microbial Bt and several other pesticides to exclude several guilds of herbivores and thus simulate the effect of transgene introgression on the performance of wild B. rapa . There were only minor negative effects of excluding insect herbivores on the performance of B. rapa and it appears that vertebrate herbivory has a more significant effect. The advantages and disadvantages of simulating the risks associated with GM plants are discussed. If we apply this simulation to GM risk assessment and make inferences from these findings, the implications of this for gene flow from insect-resistant transgenic plants are that it will be of little significance should it occur.

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“…[29,30]). However, recombination events between non-homeologous genomes were observed in wild x crop hybrids involving Brassica napus [31], and Triticum aestivum [32,33].…”

Section: Containment Of Transgenesmentioning

confidence: 99%