Expression of Fungal <i>diacylglycerol acyltransferase2</i> Genes to Increase Kernel Oil in Maize

Oakes, Janette V.; Brackenridge, Doug; Colletti, Ron; Daley, Maureen; Hawkins, Deborah J.; Xiong, H.; Mai, Jennifer; Screen, Steven E.; Val, Dale L.; Lardizabal, Kathryn; Gruys, Ken; Deikman, Jill

doi:10.1104/pp.110.167676

Cited by 58 publications

(46 citation statements)

References 31 publications

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“…Overexpression of acetyl-CoA carboxylase or fatty acid synthase had little effect on the level of lipid accumulation (23,24), whereas overexpression of enzymes catalyzing TAG biosynthesis, such as glycerol-3-phosphate acyltransferase, lysophosphatidic acid acyltransferase, and diacylglycerol acyltransferase, significantly increased seed oil yield, by 10-40% (25)(26)(27)(28)(29). Overexpression of the transcription factor WRINKLED1 also increased seed oil yield by 20% (30).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 92%

AtABCA9 transporter supplies fatty acids for lipid synthesis to the endoplasmic reticulum

Kim

Yamaoka

Ono

et al. 2012

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

111

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Fatty acids, the building blocks of biological lipids, are synthesized in plastids and then transported to the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) for assimilation into specific lipid classes. The mechanism of fatty acid transport from plastids to the ER has not been identified. Here we report that AtABCA9, an ABC transporter in Arabidopsis thaliana, mediates this transport. AtABCA9 was localized to the ER, and atabca9 null mutations reduced seed triacylglycerol (TAG) content by 35% compared with WT. Developing atabca9 seeds incorporated 35% less 14 C-oleoyl-CoA into TAG compared with WT seeds. Furthermore, overexpression of AtABCA9 enhanced TAG deposition by up to 40%. These data strongly support a role for AtABCA9 as a supplier of fatty acid substrates for TAG biosynthesis at the ER during the seed-filling stage. AtABCA9 may be a powerful tool for increasing lipid production in oilseeds.ABCA transporter | ABCA9 | acyl-CoA | fatty acid transporter

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 92%

AtABCA9 transporter supplies fatty acids for lipid synthesis to the endoplasmic reticulum

Kim

Yamaoka

Ono

et al. 2012

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

111

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“…Structurally, DGAT2 proteins differ from DGAT1 and possess only two to three predicted transmembrane domains (Yen et al, 2008). Overexpression of fungal Umbelopsis ramannian DGAT2 increased seed oil content in soybean (Glycine max) and maize (Zea mays; Lardizabal et al, 2008;Oakes et al, 2011). A third type of DGAT includes the bifunctional enzyme ADP1 from Acinetobacter calcoaceticus, exhibiting both wax ester synthase (WS) and DGAT activity (Kalscheuer and Steinbüchel, 2003).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Altered Lipid Composition and Enhanced Nutritional Value of Arabidopsis Leaves following Introduction of an Algal Diacylglycerol Acyltransferase 2

et al. 2013

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Enhancement of acyl-CoA-dependent triacylglycerol (TAG) synthesis in vegetative tissues is widely discussed as a potential avenue to increase the energy density of crops. Here, we report the identification and characterization of Chlamydomonas reinhardtii diacylglycerol acyltransferase type two (DGTT) enzymes and use DGTT2 to alter acyl carbon partitioning in plant vegetative tissues. This enzyme can accept a broad range of acyl-CoA substrates, allowing us to interrogate different acyl pools in transgenic plants. Expression of DGTT2 in Arabidopsis thaliana increased leaf TAG content, with some molecular species containing very-long-chain fatty acids. The acyl compositions of sphingolipids and surface waxes were altered, and cutin was decreased. The increased carbon partitioning into TAGs in the leaves of DGTT2-expressing lines had little effect on transcripts of the sphingolipid/wax/cutin pathway, suggesting that the supply of acyl groups for the assembly of these lipids is not transcriptionally adjusted. Caterpillars of the generalist herbivore Spodoptera exigua reared on transgenic plants gained more weight. Thus, the nutritional value and/or energy density of the transgenic lines was increased by ectopic expression of DGTT2 and acyl groups were diverted from different pools into TAGs, demonstrating the interconnectivity of acyl metabolism in leaves.

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“…Considering only field studies with crop plants, DGAT overexpression has resulted in statistically significant seed oil increases in canola or rapeseed (Brassica napus; Weselake et al, 2008;Xu et al, 2008;Taylor et al, 2009), maize (Zea mays; Zheng et al, 2008;Oakes et al, 2011), and soybean (Lardizabal et al, 2008). In the soybean example, an oil increase of 1.5 percentage points was achieved by overexpressing a type 2 DGAT from the fungus Umbelopsis ramanniana.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

An Improved Variant of Soybean Type 1 Diacylglycerol Acyltransferase Increases the Oil Content and Decreases the Soluble Carbohydrate Content of Soybeans

et al. 2016

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Kinetically improved diacylglycerol acyltransferase (DGAT) variants were created to favorably alter carbon partitioning in soybean (Glycine max) seeds. Initially, variants of a type 1 DGAT from a high-oil, high-oleic acid plant seed, Corylus americana, were screened for high oil content in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Nearly all DGAT variants examined from high-oil strains had increased affinity for oleoyl-CoA, with S 0.5 values decreased as much as 4.7-fold compared with the wild-type value of 0.94 mM. Improved soybean DGAT variants were then designed to include amino acid substitutions observed in promising C. americana DGAT variants. The expression of soybean and C. americana DGAT variants in soybean somatic embryos resulted in oil contents as high as 10% and 12%, respectively, compared with only 5% and 7.6% oil achieved by overexpressing the corresponding wildtype DGATs. The affinity for oleoyl-CoA correlated strongly with oil content. The soybean DGAT variant that gave the greatest oil increase contained 14 amino acid substitutions out of a total of 504 (97% sequence identity with native). Seed-preferred expression of this soybean DGAT1 variant increased oil content of soybean seeds by an average of 3% (16% relative increase) in highly replicated, single-location field trials. The DGAT transgenes significantly reduced the soluble carbohydrate content of mature seeds and increased the seed protein content of some events. This study demonstrated that engineering of the native DGAT enzyme is an effective strategy to improve the oil content and value of soybeans.

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Expression of Fungal diacylglycerol acyltransferase2 Genes to Increase Kernel Oil in Maize

Cited by 58 publications

References 31 publications

AtABCA9 transporter supplies fatty acids for lipid synthesis to the endoplasmic reticulum

AtABCA9 transporter supplies fatty acids for lipid synthesis to the endoplasmic reticulum

Altered Lipid Composition and Enhanced Nutritional Value of Arabidopsis Leaves following Introduction of an Algal Diacylglycerol Acyltransferase 2

An Improved Variant of Soybean Type 1 Diacylglycerol Acyltransferase Increases the Oil Content and Decreases the Soluble Carbohydrate Content of Soybeans

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