Expression of fractalkine and its receptor, CX3CR1, in atopic dermatitis: Possible contribution to skin inflammation

Echigo, Takeshi; Hasegawa, Minoru; Shimada, Yuka; Takehara, Kazuhiko; Sato, Shinichi

doi:10.1016/j.jaci.2004.02.030

Cited by 69 publications

(45 citation statements)

References 58 publications

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“…The relatively low expression of IL-17 in AD lesions may be partly explained by the low expression of IL-17 in CX3CR1+ T cells in AD patients [36]. CX3CR1 is the chemokine receptor for CX3CL1 (fractalkine), which has been shown to be highly expressed in AD lesions [37]. IFN-γ and IL-13 are present at a higher level than IL-17 in CD4 + CX3CR1+ T cells of AD patients.…”

Section: Bacterial Infectionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Bacterial and Viral Infections in Atopic Dermatitis: a Comprehensive Review

Ong

Leung

2016

Clinic Rev Allerg Immunol

204

188

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Atopic dermatitis (AD) is the most common allergic skin disease in the general population. It is a chronic inflammatory skin disease complicated by recurrent bacterial and viral infections that, when left untreated, can lead to significant complications. The current article will review immunologic and molecular mechanisms underlying the propensity of AD patients to microbial infections. These infections include Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) skin infections, eczema herpeticum, eczema vaccinatum, and eczema coxsackium. Previous studies have shown that skin barrier defects, a decrease in antimicrobial peptides, increased skin pH, or Th2 cytokines such as IL-4 and IL-13 are potential contributing factors for the increased risk of skin infections in AD. In addition, bacterial virulence such as methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA) produces significantly higher number of superantigens that increase their potential in causing infection and more severe cutaneous inflammation in AD patients. More recent studies suggest that skin microbiome including Staphylococcus epidermidis or other coagulase-negative staphylococci may play an important role in controlling S. aureus skin infections in AD. Other studies also suggest that genetic variants in the innate immune response may predispose AD patients to increased risk of viral skin infections. These genetic variants include thymic stromal lymphopoietin (TSLP), type I interferon (α, ß, ω), type II interferon (γ), and molecular pathways that lead to the production of interferons (interferon regulatory factor 2). A common staphylococcal toxin, α-toxin, may also play a role in enhancing herpes simplex virus skin infections in AD. Further understanding of these disease processes may have important clinical implications for the prevention and treatment of skin infections in this common skin disease.

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Section: Bacterial Infectionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Bacterial and Viral Infections in Atopic Dermatitis: a Comprehensive Review

Ong

Leung

2016

Clinic Rev Allerg Immunol

204

188

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“…27 Severity of AD has been linked to magnitude of thymus and activation-regulated cytokine levels. 32 In addition, chemokines, such as fractalkine, 33 IFN-g-inducible protein 10, monokine induced by IFN-g, and IFN-g-inducible a chemoattractant, are strongly upregulated in keratinocytes 34 and contribute to T H 1 cell migration toward the epidermis.…”

Section: Cytokines and Chemokinesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Diagnosis and treatment of atopic dermatitis in children and adults: European Academy of Allergology and Clinical Immunology/American Academy of Allergy, Asthma and Immunology/PRACTALL Consensus Report

Akdiş¹,

Akdiş²,

Bieber

et al. 2006

Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology

467

360

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There are remarkable differences in the diagnostic and therapeutic management of atopic dermatitis practiced by dermatologists and pediatricians in different countries. Therefore, the European Academy of Allergy and Clinical Immunology and the American Academy of Allergy, Asthma and Immunology nominated expert teams who were given the task of finding a consensus to serve as a guideline for clinical practice in Europe as well as in North America. The consensus report is part of the PRACTALL initiative, which is endorsed by both academies.

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“…26 Recently, a role for fractalkine/CX 3 CR1-mediated inflammation has been demonstrated in several initial inflammatory disorders such as rheumatoid arthritis, 31 glomerulonephritis, 32 bronchial asthma, 33 and various inflammatory diseases (Table 2). [34][35][36][37][38] This fractalkine-CX 3 CR1 interaction may also have some role in the inflammatory processes of chronic pancreatitis. Therefore, we preliminarily examined whether soluble fractalkine levels in serum of chronic pancreatitis patients are useful as a marker for early-stage chronic pancreatitis, in comparison with serum MCP-1, TGF-β1, pancreas-specific enzymes, or the PFD test.…”

Section: Participation Of Chemokines In the Progression Of Chronic Pamentioning

confidence: 99%

Can measurement of chemokines become useful biological and functional markers of early-stage chronic pancreatitis?

Ito

2007

J Gastroenterol

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Chronic pancreatitis, an irreversible inflammatory disease of the pancreas, is characterized by chronic inflammatory cell infiltration, acinar cell degeneration, and development of fibrosis, which lead to impairment of pancreatic exocrine and endocrine function. Despite marked progress in diagnostic tools and, especially, imaging methods, no consensus has been reached on nomenclature in diagnosis of chronic pancreatitis. A major problem is that no reliable diagnostic test exists for early-stage chronic pancreatitis. The identification of the chemokine system, however, has elucidated the molecular mechanisms of the inflammation contributing to the development of fibrosis in the progression of chronic pancreatitis. Inflammatory chemokines are obviously associated with the chemoattraction of leukocytes in early-stage chronic pancreatitis. Migration of monocytes into the pancreas is one of the earliest events in the formation of pancreatic fibrosis. In particular, monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1) is considered to be a prefibrogenic factor in the progression of chronic pancreatitis. Lately, fractalkine/CX3CL1 is reported to be a membrane-spanning adhesion molecule that can be cleaved from the cell surface to produce a soluble chemoattractant. Our preliminary study showed that serum soluble fractalkine did not correlate with MCP-1 or transforming growth factor beta1 and increased in patients with early-stage chronic pancreatitis. Furthermore, serum soluble fractalkine did not correlate with pancreatic-specific enzymes, such as pancreatic amylase and lipase, and N-benzoyl-L-tyrosyl-p-aminobenzoic acid test results. Therefore, measurement of soluble fractalkine in human serum may be useful as a diagnostic marker of early-stage chronic pancreatitis, and should be considered in future studies, including detailed investigations of soluble fractalkine in patients with chronic pancreatitis.

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Expression of fractalkine and its receptor, CX3CR1, in atopic dermatitis: Possible contribution to skin inflammation

Cited by 69 publications

References 58 publications

Bacterial and Viral Infections in Atopic Dermatitis: a Comprehensive Review

Bacterial and Viral Infections in Atopic Dermatitis: a Comprehensive Review

Diagnosis and treatment of atopic dermatitis in children and adults: European Academy of Allergology and Clinical Immunology/American Academy of Allergy, Asthma and Immunology/PRACTALL Consensus Report

Can measurement of chemokines become useful biological and functional markers of early-stage chronic pancreatitis?

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