Expression of Extracellular Matrix Macromolecules Around Demineralized Freeze‐Dried Bone Allografts

Abstract

In the present study histochemical techniques were used to identify specific macromolecular components of the extracellular matrix associated with the tissue reaction to demineralized freeze-dried bone allografts (DFDBA) placed under barrier membranes for ridge augmentation. Small biopsies were obtained from tissues underneath the membranes at various times after placement of the DFDBA and processed for routine immunohistochemistry. Sections were stained with antibodies to osteocalcin, collagen type I, collagen type III, decorin, and biglycan. Non-immune serum, irrelevant antibodies, and omission of the primary antibodies served as negative controls. Histologic examination of the biopsies revealed allograft particles surrounded by well-formed fibrous connective tissue with little or no evidence of new bone formation. Vital autogenous bone fragments were present in the peripheral portions of the biopsies and served as positive controls for comparative purposes with the DFDBA particles. Only 7 out of the 20 biopsies studied were found to have any signs of bone formation around the DFDBA particles and in these such bone formation was irregular and inconsistent around the DFDBA particles. Around the periphery of the allograft particles, osteocalcin, collagen type I, collagen type III, decorin, and biglycan all showed relatively strong staining. Osteocalcin staining was also noted within the vital bone matrix but not in the surrounding fibrous connective tissue. Decorin, biglycan, collagen type I, and collagen type III were also found within the vital bone matrix. None of these antibodies stained the DFDBA particles. The unremarkable osteogenic response of the tissues to the DFDBA particles after healing periods of up to 12 months raises questions as to the predictability of these agents in inducing new bone.

The efficacy of host response modulation therapy (omega-3 plus low-dose aspirin) as an adjunctive treatment of chronic periodontitis (Clinical and biochemical study)

“…This significant and sustainable enhancement of the regenerative process around the grafted material may be attributed to the beneficial effects of the combined host‐modulating agents, being a source of stable, pro‐resolving lipid mediators. These bioactive lipid mediators were found to display potent pro‐resolution and anti‐fibrotic activities (46) that could overcome the reported limitations in outcome following use of DFDBA as a result of bone loss around the graft material (10) and fibrous tissue encapsulation (47).…”

Evaluation of bioactive glass and demineralized freeze dried bone allograft in the treatment of periodontal intraosseous defects: A comparative clinico-radiographic study

“…In addition to BMPs, other growth factors such as platelet-derived growth factor and transforming growth factor-β are also present. [89]…”

Tibial tunnel enlargement and joint instability after anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction. A prospective comparison between autograft and allograft

“…Though the sterilization and preservation processes will damage most the donor cells, but they cannot eliminate the risk of immunological rejection responses completely 19 . Moreover, the collagen of extracellular matrix also contains a small amount of histocompatibility antigens and is able to result in a detectable immune response 20 . The transplant rejection causes chronic inflammation around the allograft and releases various cytokines that lead to bone resorption eventually 19 .…”