Expression of Estrogen and Progesterone Receptors in the Bovine Ovary During Estrous Cycle and Pregnancy

Berisha, Bajram; Pfaffl, Michael W.; Schams, D.

doi:10.1385/endo:17:3:207

Cited by 92 publications

(60 citation statements)

References 54 publications

(55 reference statements)

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“…We do know that hypoxia, acting through hypoxia inducing factor 1α (HIF-1α), is the most potent inducer of VEGF in other tissues (2,35) and that sex steroid hormones, such as estrogen in the uterus, induces VEGF expression (21). It is interesting to note that the spatial expressions of estrogen and VEGF during pregnancy show the same pattern, i.e., their levels are both low in early pregnancy and high in late pregnancy (1). Further, VEGF promoter regions contain responsive elements for both estrogen and HIF-1α (18,22,29).…”

Section: Fig 1 Optimization Of Vegf Treatment In Mice Uterine Cervixmentioning

confidence: 99%

Vascular endothelial growth factor induces mRNA expression of pro-inflammatory factors in the uterine cervix of mice

Nguyen¹,

Minkiewicz²,

McCabe³

et al. 2012

Biomed. Res.

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Inflammation is believed to play a role in uterine cervical remodeling and infection-induced preterm labor. One of the distinct features of remodeling uterine cervix is presence of prominent vascular events, such as angiogenesis, vasodilation, and vascular permeability. Although the functional significance of these features is not yet clear, we know that in most tissue types, vascular remodeling is intricately intertwined with inflammation. Since vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) is the major architect of vascular remodeling, we sought to examine and elucidate the potential relationship between VEGF and inflammation in the uterine cervix of non-pregnant mice. The animals used were divided into 4 treatment groups: A) negative control (vehicle only), B) positive control (lipopolysaccharide, LPS), C) recombinant VEGF-164 protein, and D) LPS + VEGF blocker (n = 3). After the appropriate treatments, the uterine cervices were harvested and analyzed using real-time PCR and confocal fluorescence microscopy. Results showed that exogenous VEGF upregulates expression of interleukin (IL)-6 and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α mRNAs, whereas VEGF blocker partially diminishes the LPS-induced expression of pro-inflammatory factors compared to the positive control group. We conclude that a positive feed-forward relationship likely exists between VEGF and inflammation in the uterine cervix, thus implicating VEGF in inflammation-induced preterm labor.Inflammation is believed to play a role in uterine cervical remodeling and infection-induced preterm labor. During the course of pregnancy, the remodeling uterine cervix is, among other events, characterized by distinct vascular changes, notably, angiogenesis, vasodilation, and vascular permeability (7,(26)(27)(28). Although the functional significance of these changes during uterine cervical remodeling and at birth is, as yet, unclear, we know that vascular remodeling and inflammation are intricately intertwined (4). For instance, three of the five cardinal signs of inflammation are dependent on vascular changes, i.e., redness and heat are dependent on angiogenesis and vasodilation, whereas swelling or edema is dependent on leaky vessels or vascular permeability (33). More importantly, and of relevance to the present study, is the fact that uterine cervical remodeling and the birth process are generally considered inflammatory-like responses (25), in part, due to accumulation of immune cells and expansion of the vascular network in the uterine and uterine cervical tissues. The extent of tissue infiltration by different immune cells varies over the course of pregnancy, during and after birth (4). Data from non-human primate model studies showing successful blockade of infection-induced preterm labor using toll-like receptor 4 antagonists appear to support the role of in-

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Section: Fig 1 Optimization Of Vegf Treatment In Mice Uterine Cervixmentioning

confidence: 99%

Vascular endothelial growth factor induces mRNA expression of pro-inflammatory factors in the uterine cervix of mice

Nguyen¹,

Minkiewicz²,

McCabe³

et al. 2012

Biomed. Res.

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“…A negative RT-reaction (RT-enzyme was replaced by water) was performed to detect residual DNA contamination. The following primers were synthesized commercially (MWG, Ebersberg, Germany): GAPDH (Glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate-dehydrogenase) as a housekeeping gene (multispecies primer; Berisha et al 2002;197 bp) forward (5 0 -3 0 ) GTC TTC ACT ACC ATG GAG AAG G, reverse (5 0 -3 0 ) TCA TGG ATG ACC TTG GCC AG. Aromatase (pig-specific SSU92246; 190 bp) forward (5 0 -3 0 ) CTC GAG TTT TTC CCC AAG C, reverse (5 0 -3 0 ) ACT GGC CTT GCT GTG TTT G. The annealing temperature of each primer pair was first optimized in a gradient thermocycler (Mastercycler gradient, Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany).…”

Section: Rt and Pcr (Rt-pcr)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Changes of testicular aromatase expression during fetal development in male pigs (sus scrofa)

Haeussler

Wagner²,

Welter³

et al. 2007

Reproduction

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Male pig fetuses secrete considerable amounts of estrogens, but the location of aromatase activity within the fetal testis is not known. The location of aromatase expression was investigated by immunocytochemistry in fetal testes from week 6 (nZ5), weeks 10, 13, and 15 (each: nZ6) of gestation and additionally in neonates (nZ4). Blood was sampled from the umbilical artery of fetuses and jugular vein of neonates. Histological evaluation of testes involved morphological criteria and counting of Leydig cells, Sertoli cells, and gonocytes. Aromatase activity was localized immunocytochemically and quantified by the percentage of positive stained cells within the same cell type. Aromatase expression was further characterized by quantitative RT-PCR. Concentrations of estrogens, testosterone, FSH, and LH were measured in blood plasma. Total estrogens increased from week 10 to a maximum of 31.03 nmol/l in week 15. Increased testosterone concentrations were only measured at week 6 and were paralleled by slightly elevated estrogens. Thereafter, testosterone dropped and was low throughout. The increase of estrogens was not paralleled by a similar increase of FSH and LH but was related to the increase of the total number of Leydig cells. This increase was also found for mRNA expression. Both Leydig cells and gonocytes were identified as contributors to estrogen formation. Gonocytes were the main source of aromatase at week 10, when gene expression by Leydig cells is low due to the preparation of a wave of Leydig cell mitosis. Reproduction (2007) 133 323-330

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“…Briefly, 1 µg of each sample of RNA was reverse transcribed in a total volume of 60 µl: 5X Buffer (Promega), 10 mM dNTPs (Roche), 50 µM hexameres (Gibco BRL), 200 U Superscript RT enzyme (Promega). The conventional PCR was performed in a thermal cycler (Biometra, Göttingen, Germany) as previously described (Berisha et al 2002). A 7-µl volume of each reaction was subsequently subjected to agarose gel electrophoresis followed by ethidium bromide staining.…”

Section: Reverse Transcription and Real-time Rt-pcrmentioning

confidence: 99%

Region-specific expression of nitric oxide synthases in the bovine oviduct during the oestrous cycle and in vitro

Ulbrich¹,

Rehfeld²,

Bauersachs³

et al. 2006

Journal of Endocrinology

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Nitric oxide synthases (NOS) account for the endogenous production of nitric oxide (NO), a small and permeable bioreactive molecule. NO is known to act as a paracrine mediator during various processes associated with female reproduction. In the present study, the mRNA expression of the endothelial (eNOS) and inducible (iNOS) NO synthases were examined in bovine oviduct epithelial cells (BOEC) during the oestrous cycle. In addition, eNOS and iNOS mRNA and protein were localised by in situ hybridisation and immunocytochemistry respectively. Furthermore, the effects of exogenously applied oestradiol-17 and progesterone on NOS mRNA regulation were studied in a suspension culture of BOEC. The eNOS mRNA abundance was low around ovulation (day 0) and increased significantly until pro-oestrus (day 18) in the ampulla. Immunoreactive protein of eNOS was detected predominantly in endothelial cells as well as in secretory oviduct epithelial cells at pro-oestrus. The iNOS mRNA concentration was significantly reduced in the isthmus at pro-oestrus (day 18) and oestrus (day 0) compared with persistently high levels in the ampulla. By in situ hybridisation, specific iNOS transcripts were additionally demonstrated in the oviduct epithelium. Immunoreactive iNOS protein was localised in secretory epithelial cells as well as in the lamina muscularis. The in vitro stimulation showed that both NOS were stimulated by progesterone, but not by oestradiol-17 . The region-specific modulated expression of eNOS and iNOS provides evidence for an involvement of endogenously produced NO in the regulation of oviductal functions.

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Expression of Estrogen and Progesterone Receptors in the Bovine Ovary During Estrous Cycle and Pregnancy

Cited by 92 publications

References 54 publications

Vascular endothelial growth factor induces mRNA expression of pro-inflammatory factors in the uterine cervix of mice

Vascular endothelial growth factor induces mRNA expression of pro-inflammatory factors in the uterine cervix of mice

Changes of testicular aromatase expression during fetal development in male pigs (sus scrofa)

Region-specific expression of nitric oxide synthases in the bovine oviduct during the oestrous cycle and in vitro

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