Expression of Cyclooxygenase-II (COX-II) and 20α-Hydroxysteroid Dehydrogenase (20α-HSD)/Prostaglandin F-synthase (PGFS) in Bovine Placentomes: Implications for the Initiation of Parturition in Cattle

Schuler, Gerhard; Teichmann, Ursula; Kowalewski, Mariusz P.; Hoffmann, Bernd; Madore, Éric; Fortier, M.A.; Klisch, Karl

doi:10.1016/j.placenta.2005.11.001

Cited by 43 publications

(33 citation statements)

References 40 publications

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“…The substantial upregulation of PTGS2 in UTC supports the concept that these cells are the primary source of prostaglandins in prepartal cows including PGF 2a . This conclusion is substantiated by earlier observations that have shown that UTC also express aldoketoreductase 1B5 (AKR1B5), an enzyme with a significant PGF synthase activity (Madore et al 2003, Schuler et al 2006b) and that PTGS2 expression in the bovine uterus around the time of spontaneous prepartal luteolysis is only low in comparison with the expression in the cotyledons (Fuchs et al 1999, Wehbrink et al 2008. The contribution of the placenta to systemic maternal PGFM concentrations is further supported by observations in D272 cows, in which -albeit on a low levela decrease in maternal PGFM concentrations was observed after disruption of the fetoplacental circulation following the surgical removal of the fetus (Fig.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 66%

“…Immunostaining pattern for COX2 in placentomes was as previously described in detail (Schuler et al 2006b) with UTC being the only positive cell type apart from Figure 3 Concentrations of estrone and estrone sulfate in cows before and after induced parturition on days 271-272 (group AG: aglepristone, group PG: cloprostenol, group GC: dexamethasone) and in spontaneously calving cows at normal term (day 280.5G1.3, group NT). Large symbols indicate the time of the treatment, open symbols are used for animals that retained the placenta for more than 12 h, closed symbols denote animals with timely release of the placenta.…”

Section: Effect Of Glucocorticoid Treatment On Hormone Profiles (Groumentioning

confidence: 65%

“…Immunohistochemical detection of COX2, CYP17, PR, GR, and the pan-leucocyte marker CD45 and evaluation of immunostaining Sections prepared from formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded placentomal tissue samples were immunostained following an indirect immunoperoxidase standard procedure including microwave irradiation for unmasking epitopes and the streptavidin-biotin technique for signal enhancement as previously described (Schuler et al 1999(Schuler et al , 2006a(Schuler et al , 2006b). Primary antibodies used were the following: a rabbit mAb against a synthetic peptide from the C-terminus of rat COX2 (Thermo Fisher Scientific, Fremont, CA, USA), a polyclonal rabbit antiserum against recombinant bovine CYP17 (gift from Prof. A Conley, UC Davis; reference: Peterson et al 2001), a monoclonal murine antibody against the highly conserved C-terminus of PR (clone 10A9; Immunotech, Hamburg, Germany), a polyclonal rabbit IgG antibody against amino acids 346-367 of human glucocorticoid receptor (PA1-511A; Affinity BioReagents, Golden, CO, USA), and a murine mAb against bovine CD45 (MCA832S; AbD Serotec, Dü sseldorf, Germany).…”

Section: Investigations Into Placentomal Histomorphologymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This switch in placental steroid production leads to an upregulation of contractionassociated proteins in the myometrium and the release of uterotonic prostaglandins in the uterus which eventually stimulates the onset of myometrial activity and expulsion of the fetus (Challis 1971, Tsang 1974, Mason et al 1989, Gyomorey et al 2000, Whittle et al 2000. Important steps of this signal cascade have been confirmed as occurring in late bovine gestation like the increase of fetal cortisol levels (Comline et al 1974, Hoffmann et al 1977, Hunter et al 1977 and the significant prepartal upregulation of CYP17 and COX2 in UTC (Schuler et al 2006a(Schuler et al , 2006b. Moreover, the collapse of bovine placental progesterone production and an enhanced production of estrogens as a result of an increase in placental CYP17 activity was shown in in vitro studies (Schuler et al 1994).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Investigations into the mechanisms controlling parturition in cattle

Shenavai

Preissing²,

Hoffmann³

et al. 2012

Reproduction

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A pronounced increase in fetal cortisol concentrations stimulating an increase in estrogen production at the expense of progesterone precursors in the placenta, luteolysis, and progesterone withdrawal is considered as a key event during the complex signal cascade leading to the initiation of parturition in cattle. However, there are many questions concerning the exact functional and/or temporal relationships between these individual processes which finally result in the expulsion of the calf and the timely release of the placenta. Thus, parturition was induced in 270-day pregnant cows using the progesterone receptor blocker aglepristone (group AG, nZ3), the prostaglandin F 2a analog cloprostenol (group PG, nZ4), and the glucocorticoid dexamethasone (group GC, nZ4) to characterize the effect on maternal steroid and prostaglandin levels and to identify immediate subsequent changes in placental morphology and gene expression as compared with untreated controls sampled on day 272 (group D272, nZ3) and cows during normal parturition (group NT, nZ4). All calves of the treatment groups were born on days 271-272, whereas gestational length in NT cows was 280.5G1.3 days. However, none of the treatments significantly induced the prepartal remodeling of placentomes characterized by a decline in trophoblast giant cells and reduction of the caruncular epithelium. Data on placental CYP17 and COX2 expression confirm that these key enzymes are upregulated by GC, whereas placental aromatase expression was not affected by any treatment. Maternal progesterone and prostaglandin profiles suggest differential effects of the treatments on luteal function and placental or uterine prostaglandin production. The results provide new information on the initiation of parturition in cattle but raise many new questions.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 66%

Section: Effect Of Glucocorticoid Treatment On Hormone Profiles (Groumentioning

confidence: 65%

Section: Investigations Into Placentomal Histomorphologymentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Investigations into the mechanisms controlling parturition in cattle

Shenavai

Preissing²,

Hoffmann³

et al. 2012

Reproduction

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“…As for P450c17, a prepartal up-regulation of expression starting from areas close to the chorionic plate towards the tips of CV located adjacent to the caruncular stalk has also been observed for the glucocorticoid receptor in TGCs and caruncular epithelial Steroidogenic enzymes in bovine placentomes 673 cells (Boos et al 2000), cyclo-oxygenase-II (COX-II) in UTCs (Schuler et al 2006) and steroid sulphatase in caruncular epithelial cells (Greven et al 2005), possibly indicating a similar transcriptional control. In the sheep, a pre-and intrapartal increase of placental P450c17 has been shown to promote the increased production of oestrone, a crucial step in the initiation of parturition in this species (Mason et al 1989, Gyomorey et al 2000, Whittle et al 2001.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 91%

Reciprocal expression of 17α-hydroxylase-C17,20-lyase and aromatase cytochrome P450 during bovine trophoblast differentiation: a two-cell system drives placental oestrogen synthesis

Schuler¹,

Özalp²,

Hoffmann³

et al. 2006

Reproduction

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No definitive information is yet available on the steroidogenic capacity of the two morphologically distinct cell types forming the bovine trophoblast, the uninucleated trophoblast cells (UTCs) and the trophoblast giant cells (TGCs). Hence, in order to localise 17a-hydroxylase-C17,20-lyase (P450c17) on a cellular level and to monitor its expression as a function of gestational age, placentomes from pregnant (days 80 -284; n 5 19), prepartal (days 273 -282; 24 -36 h prior to the onset of labour; n 5 3) and parturient cows (n 5 5) were immunostained for P450c17 using an antiserum against the recombinant bovine enzyme. At all stages investigated, P450c17 was exclusively found in the UTCs of chorionic villi (CV), where staining was ubiquitous between days 80 and 160, but was largely restricted to primary CV and the branching sites of secondary CV between days 160 and 240. Thereafter, a distinct ubiquitous staining reoccurred in the UTCs of all CV in late pregnant, prepartal and parturient animals. Using an antiserum against human aromatase cytochrome P450 (P450arom), specific cytoplasmic staining was observed in TGCs. In placentomes from pregnant cows, staining intensity was higher in mature compared with immature TGCs and was more pronounced in the trophoblast covering big stem villi compared with the trophoblast at other sites of the villous tree. In placentomes of a parturient cow, specific staining was only found in mature TGCs that survived the normal, but substantial, prepartal decline in TGC numbers. These results clearly showed that bovine UTCs and TGCs exhibit different steroidogenic capacities, constituting a 'two-cell' organisation for oestrogen synthesis. P450c17 expression appears to be quickly down-regulated and P450arom is up-regulated when UTCs enter the TGC differentiation pathway.

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Multilevel regulation of steroid synthesis and metabolism in the bovine placenta

Nguyen

Conley

Soboleva

et al. 2012

Molecular Reproduction Devel

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SUMMARYSteroid hormones play critical roles in almost all physiological processes in male and female reproduction. In a normal pregnancy, the concentrations of steroid hormones in maternal and foetal blood vary with gestation in response to changing needs. The placenta plays a central role in producing the appropriate steroids to support the pregnancy by coordinating its own steroidogenic activity with that of the corpus luteum and responding to foetal signals. Although much is known about the steroidogenic potential of the bovine placenta, far less is known about how the placenta integrates the synthesis of steroids with their subsequent metabolism and clearance to achieve appropriate local and peripheral concentrations of steroids in maternal and foetal blood at each stage of gestation. This review focuses on the current knowledge of the temporal and spatial regulation and compartmentalization of the biochemical pathways by which potent steroid hormones are synthesized and metabolized in the bovine placenta. The aim is to increase our understanding of how the balance of synthesis and metabolism determines placental steroid output as it changes with development and differentiation, and how this is regulated in response to the variations in the foetal signals and luteal secretory activity. The review highlights knowledge gaps and suggests that mathematical modelling can help understand the effect of different levels of regulation on the steroidogenic output of an organ, such as the bovine placenta.

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Expression of Cyclooxygenase-II (COX-II) and 20α-Hydroxysteroid Dehydrogenase (20α-HSD)/Prostaglandin F-synthase (PGFS) in Bovine Placentomes: Implications for the Initiation of Parturition in Cattle

Cited by 43 publications

References 40 publications

Investigations into the mechanisms controlling parturition in cattle

Investigations into the mechanisms controlling parturition in cattle

Reciprocal expression of 17α-hydroxylase-C17,20-lyase and aromatase cytochrome P450 during bovine trophoblast differentiation: a two-cell system drives placental oestrogen synthesis

Multilevel regulation of steroid synthesis and metabolism in the bovine placenta

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